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Symmetry, Volume 12, Issue 2

February 2020 - 140 articles

Cover Story: The wave-front dynamics of gravitational signals is determined by the manifestly covariant Hamilton–Jacobi theory of classical general relativity. Arbitrary wave fronts corresponding to space-–time solutions of the non-linear set of Einstein field equations always propagate at the invariant speed of light in terms of a prescribed covariant wave equation. The picture is a sunset over the sea and was taken by Grignano (Trieste, Italy) on 24 September, 2016. The composite effect of grazing light and the surface wave pattern profile inspired our research on gravitational wave-front propagation phenomena. View this paper.
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Articles (140)

  • Article
  • Open Access
41 Citations
4,125 Views
14 Pages

Optimal Location and Sizing of PV Sources in DC Networks for Minimizing Greenhouse Emissions in Diesel Generators

  • Oscar Danilo Montoya,
  • Luis Fernando Grisales-Noreña,
  • Walter Gil-González,
  • Gerardo Alcalá and
  • Quetzalcoatl Hernandez-Escobedo

24 February 2020

This paper addresses the problem of the optimal location and sizing of photovoltaic (PV) sources in direct current (DC) electrical networks considering time-varying load and renewable generation curves. To represent this problem, a mixed-integer nonl...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
4,629 Views
22 Pages

24 February 2020

Wellbores are largely constructed during coal mining, shale gas production, and geothermal exploration. Studying the shape and size of the disturbed zone in surrounding rock is of great significance for wellbore stability control. In this paper, a th...

  • Article
  • Open Access
108 Citations
45,497 Views
23 Pages

LiDAR and Camera Fusion Approach for Object Distance Estimation in Self-Driving Vehicles

  • G Ajay Kumar,
  • Jin Hee Lee,
  • Jongrak Hwang,
  • Jaehyeong Park,
  • Sung Hoon Youn and
  • Soon Kwon

24 February 2020

The fusion of light detection and ranging (LiDAR) and camera data in real-time is known to be a crucial process in many applications, such as in autonomous driving, industrial automation, and robotics. Especially in the case of autonomous vehicles, t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,093 Views
19 Pages

23 February 2020

Recently, Tahmasebi and Eskandarzadeh introduced a new extended cumulative entropy (ECE). In this paper, we present results on shift-dependent measure of ECE and its dynamic past version. These results contain stochastic order, upper and lower bounds...

  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
3,521 Views
29 Pages

23 February 2020

We discuss the tight-binding models of solid state physics with the Z 2 sublattice symmetry in the presence of elastic deformations in an important particular case—the tight binding model of graphene. In order to describe the dynamics o...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
3,064 Views
11 Pages

23 February 2020

In this paper, we aim to study the impact of the shift in herding tendency on the diffusion of internet investment products in modular social networks. The epidemic spreading mechanism is applied and numerical analyses are conducted. The results sugg...

  • Review
  • Open Access
19 Citations
10,165 Views
15 Pages

23 February 2020

The modern state of the Pauli exclusion principle is shortly discussed. We describe the discovery by Pauli, his principle for electrons, and how it was generalized for all elementary particles in the framework of quantum mechanics. The motivations an...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
3,291 Views
20 Pages

23 February 2020

Several facial expression recognition methods cluster facial elements according to similarity and weight them considering the importance of each element in classification. However, these methods are limited by the pre-definitions of units restricting...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
38 Citations
3,184 Views
13 Pages

Energy of Accelerations Used to Obtain the Motion Equations of a Three- Dimensional Finite Element

  • Sorin Vlase,
  • Iuliu Negrean,
  • Marin Marin and
  • Maria Luminița Scutaru

23 February 2020

When analyzing the dynamic behavior of multi-body elastic systems, a commonly used method is the finite element method conjunctively with Lagrange’s equations. The central problem when approaching such a system is determining the equations of m...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,602 Views
17 Pages

22 February 2020

We show that in a relativistically covariant formulation of the two-body problem, the bound state spectrum is in agreement, up to relativistic corrections, with the non-relativistic bound-state spectrum. This solution is achieved by solving the probl...

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Symmetry - ISSN 2073-8994