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Article

Synthetic Pesticides Used in Agricultural Production Promote Genetic Instability and Metabolic Variability in Candida spp.

1
Department of Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
2
Department of Biology and Genetics, Institute of Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovak
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Genes 2020, 11(8), 848; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes11080848
Received: 25 June 2020 / Revised: 17 July 2020 / Accepted: 20 July 2020 / Published: 24 July 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genetic Aspects of Yeast: Cell Biology, Ecology and Biotechnology)
The effects of triazole fungicide Tango® (epoxiconazole) and two neonicotinoid insecticide formulations Mospilan® (acetamiprid) and Calypso® (thiacloprid) were investigated in Candida albicans and three non-albicans species Candida pulcherrima, Candida glabrata and Candida tropicalis to assess the range of morphological, metabolic and genetic changes after their exposure to pesticides. Moreover, the bioavailability of pesticides, which gives us information about their metabolization was assessed using gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS). The tested pesticides caused differences between the cells of the same species in the studied populations in response to ROS accumulation, the level of DNA damage, changes in fatty acids (FAs) and phospholipid profiles, change in the percentage of unsaturated to saturated FAs or the ability to biofilm. In addition, for the first time, the effect of tested neonicotinoid insecticides on the change of metabolic profile of colony cells during aging was demonstrated. Our data suggest that widely used pesticides, including insecticides, may increase cellular diversity in the Candida species population-known as clonal heterogeneity-and thus play an important role in acquiring resistance to antifungal agents. View Full-Text
Keywords: Candida; pesticide; metabolic activity; genetic damage; cell growth Candida; pesticide; metabolic activity; genetic damage; cell growth
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MDPI and ACS Style

Potocki, L.; Baran, A.; Oklejewicz, B.; Szpyrka, E.; Podbielska, M.; Schwarzbacherová, V. Synthetic Pesticides Used in Agricultural Production Promote Genetic Instability and Metabolic Variability in Candida spp. Genes 2020, 11, 848. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes11080848

AMA Style

Potocki L, Baran A, Oklejewicz B, Szpyrka E, Podbielska M, Schwarzbacherová V. Synthetic Pesticides Used in Agricultural Production Promote Genetic Instability and Metabolic Variability in Candida spp. Genes. 2020; 11(8):848. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes11080848

Chicago/Turabian Style

Potocki, Leszek, Aleksandra Baran, Bernadetta Oklejewicz, Ewa Szpyrka, Magdalena Podbielska, and Viera Schwarzbacherová. 2020. "Synthetic Pesticides Used in Agricultural Production Promote Genetic Instability and Metabolic Variability in Candida spp." Genes 11, no. 8: 848. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes11080848

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