Cells, Volume 12, Issue 5

Biogenic amines are cellular components produced by the decarboxylation of amino acids; however, excessive biogenic amine production causes adverse health problems. The relationship between hepatic damage and biogenic amine levels in nonalcoholic fat...

Neuroinflammation plays a central role in many neurological disorders, ranging from traumatic brain injuries to neurodegeneration. Electrophysiological activity is an essential measure of neuronal function, which is influenced by neuroinflammation. I...

Hypoxia induces the abnormal proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), resulting in the pathogenesis of various vascular diseases. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are involved in a wide range of biological processes, including cell prolifera...

Phelan-McDermid syndrome is an inherited global developmental disorder commonly associated with autism spectrum disorder. Due to a significantly increased radiosensitivity, measured before the start of radiotherapy of a rhabdoid tumor in a child with...

CD133, also called prominin-1, is widely known as a cancer stem cell marker, and its high expression correlates with a poor prognosis in many cancers. CD133 was originally discovered as a plasma membranous protein in stem/progenitor cells. It is now...

The nervous system is the primary target for lead exposure and the developing brain appears to be especially susceptible, namely the hippocampus. The mechanisms of lead neurotoxicity remain unclear, but microgliosis and astrogliosis are potential can...

The development of long-term symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) more than four weeks after primary infection, termed “long COVID” or post-acute sequela of COVID-19 (PASC), can implicate persistent neurological complications i...

The long saphenous vein is the most used conduit in cardiac surgery, but its long-term patency is limited by vein graft disease (VGD). Endothelial dysfunction is a key driver of VGD; its aetiology is multi-factorial. However emerging evidence identif...

The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a widely-recognized lipid messenger system involved in many aspects of our our lives in health and diseases [...]

The master kinase LKB1 is a key regulator of se veral cellular processes, including cell proliferation, cell polarity and cellular metabolism. It phosphorylates and activates several downstream kinases, including AMP-dependent kinase, AMPK. Activatio...

HIV-1 Tat continues to play an important role in the development of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), which persist in 15–55% of people living with HIV even with virological control. In the brain, Tat is present on neurons, where...

The functional deficiency of the inhibitory system typically appears during development and can progress to psychiatric disorders or epilepsy, depending on its severity, in later years. It is known that interneurons, the major source of GABAergic inh...

Cancer has become a global health hazard accounting for 10 million deaths in the year 2020. Although different treatment approaches have increased patient overall survival, treatment for advanced stages still suffers from poor clinical outcomes. The...

Polymorphisms of canine leukocyte antigen (DLA) class I (DLA-88 and DLA-12/88L) and class II (DLA-DRB1) genes are important for disease susceptibility studies, but information on the genetic diversity among dog breeds is still lacking. To better eluc...

We have previously reported that the intrathecal (i.t.) administration of GT1b, a ganglioside, induces spinal cord microglia activation and central pain sensitization as an endogenous agonist of Toll-like receptor 2 on microglia. In this study, we in...

Precision-cut tumor slices (PCTS) maintain tissue heterogeneity concerning different cell types and preserve the tumor microenvironment (TME). Typically, PCTS are cultured statically on a filter support at an air–liquid interface, which gives r...

The identification of Parkinson’s disease (PD) biomarkers has become a main goal for the diagnosis of this neurodegenerative disorder. PD has not only been intrinsically related to neurological problems, but also to a series of alterations in p...

LIM kinase 1 (LIMK1) and LIM kinase 2 (LIMK2) are serine/threonine and tyrosine kinases and the only two members of the LIM kinase family. They play a crucial role in the regulation of cytoskeleton dynamics by controlling actin filaments and microtub...

Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death that is intricately linked to cellular metabolism. In the forefront of research on ferroptosis, the peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids has emerged as a key driver of oxidative damage to cellular...

Oxidative stress is proposed in the literature as an important player in the development of CHF and correlates with left ventricle (LV) dysfunction and hypertrophy in the failing heart. In this study, we aimed to verify if the serum oxidative stress...

Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancers in European males. Although therapeutic approaches have changed in recent years, and several new drugs have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), androgen deprivation therapy...

Activin A, a member of the TGF-beta superfamily, is a negative regulator of tubular regeneration after renal ischemia. Activin action is controlled by an endogenous antagonist, follistatin. However, the role of follistatin in the kidney is not fully...

Evasion of apoptosis is one of the hallmarks of cancer cells. Proteins of the Bcl-2 family are key regulators of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis, and alterations in some of these proteins are frequently found in cancer cells. Permeabilization of t...

Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is described as abnormal angiogenesis in the retina and the leaking of fluid and blood that generates a huge, dark, blind spot in the center of the visual field, causing severe vision loss in over 90...

The Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1 (HIF-1) plays a major role in the cellular response to hypoxia by regulating the expression of many genes involved in adaptive processes that allow cell survival under low oxygen conditions. Adaptation to the hypoxic tu...

Adverse maternal environments such as small size, malnutrition, and metabolic conditions are known to influence fetal growth outcomes. Similarly, fetal growth and metabolic alterations may alter the intrauterine environment and affect all fetuses in...

Islet transplantation represents an effective treatment for patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and severe hypoglycaemia unawareness, capable of circumventing impaired counterregulatory pathways that no longer provide protection against low...

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) contribute significantly to vascular dysfunction (VD) in diabetes. Decreased nitric oxide (NO) is a hallmark in VD. In endothelial cells, NO is produced by endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) from L-arginine. Arginas...

Background: Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynecologic tumor and the world’s fourth most common cancer in women. Most patients respond to first-line treatments and have a low risk of recurrence, but refractory patients, and those wi...

The gut microbiota, including bacteria, archaea, fungi, viruses and phages, inhabits the gastrointestinal tract. This commensal microbiota can contribute to the regulation of host immune response and homeostasis. Alterations of the gut microbiota hav...

Biliary fibrosis is the driving pathological process in cholangiopathies such as primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Cholangiopathies are also associated with cholestasis, which is the retention of biliary comp...

Kidney transplantation is the therapy of choice for patients who suffer from end-stage renal diseases. Despite improvements in surgical techniques and immunosuppressive treatments, long-term graft survival remains a challenge. A large body of evidenc...

Preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) is widespread, but controversial, in humans and improves pregnancy and live birth rates in cattle. In pigs, it presents a possible solution to improve in vitro embryo production (IVP), however, t...

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are a subset of immature myeloid cells with suppressive activity well described in the context of cancer. They inhibit anti-tumour immunity, promote metastasis formation and can lead to immune therapy resistanc...

The NF-κB signalling pathway is a major signalling cascade involved in the regulation of inflammation and innate immunity. It is also increasingly recognised as a crucial player in many steps of cancer initiation and progression. The five membe...

Nanomaterials offer a broad spectrum of applications in biomedicine. The shapes of gold nanoparticles could modulate tumor cell behavior. Spherical (AuNP_sp), stars (AuNP_st) and rods (AuNP_r) shapes of polyethylene glycol coated-gold nanoparticles (AuN...

Huntington’s disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disease that affects the motor control system of the brain. Its pathological mechanism and therapeutic strategies have not been fully elucidated yet. The neuroprotective value of micrandilactone...

Despite scientific discoveries in the field of gene and cell therapy, some diseases still have no effective treatment. Advances in genetic engineering methods have enabled the development of effective gene therapy methods for various diseases based o...

Background. The dual role of GCs has been observed in breast cancer; however, due to many concomitant factors, GR action in cancer biology is still ambiguous. In this study, we aimed to unravel the context-dependent action of GR in breast cancer. Met...

Mutations in the gene for lamin A/C (LMNA) cause a diverse range of diseases known as laminopathies. LMNA-related cardiomyopathy is a common inherited heart disease and is highly penetrant with a poor prognosis. In the past years, numerous investigat...

The development of a neoantigen-based personalized vaccine has promise in the hunt for cancer immunotherapy. The challenge in neoantigen vaccine design is the need to rapidly and accurately identify, in patients, those neoantigens with vaccine potent...

Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) encompasses a group of clinically, genetically and pathologically heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorders that mainly affect people under the age of 64 years [...]

A promising direction in the research on Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is the identification of biomarkers that better inform the disease progression of AD. However, the performance of amyloid-based biomarkers in predicting cognitive performance has...

Since the discovery of their role in the regulation of actin cytoskeleton 30 years ago, Rho GTPases have taken center stage in cell motility research [...]

Type I interferons (IFNs) are central mediators of anti-viral and anti-bacterial host defence. Detection of microbes by innate immune cells via pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), including Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and cGAS-STING, induces the exp...

Pesticide use cannot be completely abandoned in modern agriculture. Among agrochemicals, glyphosate is one of the most popular and, at the same time, most divisive herbicide. Since the chemicalization of agriculture is detrimental, various attempts a...

Several reports have indicated that SARS-CoV-2 infection displays unexpected mild clinical manifestations in people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF), suggesting that CFTR expression and function may be involved in the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle. To evaluate th...

It is well established that Cholangiocarcioma (CCA) drug resistance plays a crucial role in the spread and survival of cancer cells. The major enzyme in the nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-mediated pathways, nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransf...

Zinc supplementation has been shown to be beneficial to slow the progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). However, the molecular mechanism underpinning this benefit is not well understood. This study used single-cell RNA sequencing to i...

The global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has united the efforts of many scientists all over the world to develop wet-lab techniques and computational approaches aimed at the identification of antigen-specific T and B cells. The latter provide specific humoral...