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Article

Design and Testing of a Pneumatic Jujube Harvester

1
College of Agricultural Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
2
Dryland Farm Machinery Key Technology and Equipment Key Laboratory of Shanxi Province, Taigu 030801, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
These authors contributed equally to this work and should be regarded as co-first authors.
Agronomy 2025, 15(8), 1881; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15081881 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 17 June 2025 / Revised: 18 July 2025 / Accepted: 30 July 2025 / Published: 3 August 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Precision and Digital Agriculture)

Abstract

Jujubes have a beautiful taste, and high nutritional and economic value. The planting area of dwarf and densely planted jujubes is large and shows an increasing trend; however, the mechanization level and efficiency of fresh jujube harvesting are low. For this reason, our research group conducted a study on mechanical harvesting technology for fresh jujubes. A pneumatic jujube harvester was designed. This harvester is composed of a self-regulating picking mechanism, a telescopic conveying pipe, a negative pressure generator, a cleaning mechanism, a double-chamber collection box, a single-door shell, a control assembly, a generator, a towing mobile chassis, etc. During the harvest, the fresh jujubes on the branches are picked under the combined effect of the flexible squeezing of the picking roller and the suction force of the negative pressure air flow. They then enter the cleaning mechanism through the telescopic conveying pipe. Under the combined effect of the upper and lower baffles of the cleaning mechanism and the negative-pressure air flow, the fresh jujubes are separated from impurities such as jujube leaves and branches. The clean fresh jujubes fall into the collection box. We considered the damage rate of fresh jujubes, impurity rate, leakage rate, and harvesting efficiency as the indexes, and the negative-pressure suction wind speed, picking roller rotational speed, and the inclination angle of the upper and lower baffles of the cleaning and selection machinery as the test factors, and carried out the harvesting test of fresh jujubes. The test results show that when the negative-pressure suction wind speed was 25 m/s, the picking roller rotational speed was 31 r/min, and the inclination angles of the upper and lower baffle plates for cleaning and selecting were −19° and 19.5°, respectively, the breakage rate of fresh jujube harvesting was 0.90%, the rate of impurity was 1.54%, the rate of leakage was 2.59%, and the efficiency of harvesting was 73.37 kg/h, realizing the high-efficiency and low-loss harvesting of fresh jujubes. This study provides a reference for the research and development of fresh jujube mechanical harvesting technology and equipment.
Keywords: mechanical design; harvester; fresh jujube; pneumatic; harvesting trials mechanical design; harvester; fresh jujube; pneumatic; harvesting trials

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Hou, H.; Niu, W.; Wen, Q.; Yang, H.; Zhang, J.; Zhang, R.; Xv, B.; Cui, Q. Design and Testing of a Pneumatic Jujube Harvester. Agronomy 2025, 15, 1881. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15081881

AMA Style

Hou H, Niu W, Wen Q, Yang H, Zhang J, Zhang R, Xv B, Cui Q. Design and Testing of a Pneumatic Jujube Harvester. Agronomy. 2025; 15(8):1881. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15081881

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hou, Huaming, Wei Niu, Qixian Wen, Hairui Yang, Jianming Zhang, Rui Zhang, Bing Xv, and Qingliang Cui. 2025. "Design and Testing of a Pneumatic Jujube Harvester" Agronomy 15, no. 8: 1881. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15081881

APA Style

Hou, H., Niu, W., Wen, Q., Yang, H., Zhang, J., Zhang, R., Xv, B., & Cui, Q. (2025). Design and Testing of a Pneumatic Jujube Harvester. Agronomy, 15(8), 1881. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15081881

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