Cigarette Butt Waste as Material for Phase Inverted Membrane Fabrication Used for Oil/Water Emulsion Separation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Membrane Preparation
2.3. Membrane Filtration Setup
2.4. Membrane Characterization
2.5. Membrane Fouling Identification
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Surface and Cross-Section Morphologies
3.2. Membrane Pore Size and Distribution
3.3. Surface Contact Angle
3.4. Fourier Transform Infrared
3.5. Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy
3.6. Clean Water Permeability
3.7. Filtration Performance
3.8. Rejection Performance
3.9. Membrane Fouling Analysis
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Membrane | Polymer | Solvent | Additives | Support |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA | 10 wt% of CA | 90 wt% of DMF | - | Stainless steel mesh |
PSF | 18 wt% of PSF | 80.9 wt% of DMAc | 1 wt% of PEG and 0.1 wt% of LiCl | Non-woven support |
PVDF | 15 wt% of PVDF | 85 wt% of DMAc | - | Non-woven support |
Membrane | Composition (%) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
C | F | O | S | |
CA | 51.60 | 0.00 | 48.20 | 0.00 |
PSF | 69.02 | 0.00 | 26.05 | 4.92 |
PVDF | 55.55 | 42.84 | 1.61 | 0.00 |
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Doyan, A.; Leong, C.L.; Bilad, M.R.; Kurnia, K.A.; Susilawati, S.; Prayogi, S.; Narkkun, T.; Faungnawakij, K. Cigarette Butt Waste as Material for Phase Inverted Membrane Fabrication Used for Oil/Water Emulsion Separation. Polymers 2021, 13, 1907. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13121907
Doyan A, Leong CL, Bilad MR, Kurnia KA, Susilawati S, Prayogi S, Narkkun T, Faungnawakij K. Cigarette Butt Waste as Material for Phase Inverted Membrane Fabrication Used for Oil/Water Emulsion Separation. Polymers. 2021; 13(12):1907. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13121907
Chicago/Turabian StyleDoyan, Aris, Chew Lee Leong, Muhammad Roil Bilad, Kiki Adi Kurnia, Susilawati Susilawati, Saiful Prayogi, Thanitporn Narkkun, and Kajornsak Faungnawakij. 2021. "Cigarette Butt Waste as Material for Phase Inverted Membrane Fabrication Used for Oil/Water Emulsion Separation" Polymers 13, no. 12: 1907. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13121907
APA StyleDoyan, A., Leong, C. L., Bilad, M. R., Kurnia, K. A., Susilawati, S., Prayogi, S., Narkkun, T., & Faungnawakij, K. (2021). Cigarette Butt Waste as Material for Phase Inverted Membrane Fabrication Used for Oil/Water Emulsion Separation. Polymers, 13(12), 1907. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13121907