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Volume 10
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Article

Highly Efficient Biphasic System for the Synthesis of Alkyl Lactates in the Presence of Acidic Ionic Liquids

by
Urszula Dorosz
1,
Natalia Barteczko
2,
Piotr Latos
2,
Karol Erfurt
2,
Ewa Pankalla
1 and
Anna Chrobok
2,*
1
Grupa Azoty Zakłady Azotowe Kędzierzyn, S.A., Mostowa 30A, 47-220 Kędzierzyn-Koźle, Poland
2
Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Petrochemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Catalysts 2020, 10(1), 37; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal10010037
Submission received: 30 November 2019 / Revised: 19 December 2019 / Accepted: 21 December 2019 / Published: 27 December 2019
(This article belongs to the Section Catalysis in Organic and Polymer Chemistry)
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Abstract

Alkyl lactates are produced from lactic acid via esterification, and are used in the production of plastics, paints, solvents and detergents. In the pursuit of an inexpensive, industry-suitable catalyst for this reaction, the application of protic ionic liquids based on nitrogen base and sulphuric acid is proposed. The ionic liquid was synthesised via a simple reaction of triethylamine and a threefold molar excess of sulphuric acid. Water was added to remove the heat of the reaction. Next, the reaction conditions for the model esterification of 2-ethylhexanol with lactic acid without additional solvent were optimised. Exceptionally mild conditions, i.e., a twofold molar excess of alcohol to lactic acid with the addition of an ionic liquid in a catalytic amount (15 mol%) at 60 °C, resulted in high yields of ethyl and 2-ethylhexyl lactates (96–97%). The driving force of this reaction is the production of a biphasic system with immiscible ester during the reaction. This phenomenon makes it possible to overcome the reaction equilibrium. Using an inexpensive ionic liquid, which could be recycled up to five times without diminution in conversion or selectivity, leads to both a greener and a more economically-viable process.
Keywords: lactate esters; ionic liquids; acidic catalysis; esterification; plasticisers; solvents lactate esters; ionic liquids; acidic catalysis; esterification; plasticisers; solvents
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MDPI and ACS Style

Dorosz, U.; Barteczko, N.; Latos, P.; Erfurt, K.; Pankalla, E.; Chrobok, A. Highly Efficient Biphasic System for the Synthesis of Alkyl Lactates in the Presence of Acidic Ionic Liquids. Catalysts 2020, 10, 37. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal10010037

AMA Style

Dorosz U, Barteczko N, Latos P, Erfurt K, Pankalla E, Chrobok A. Highly Efficient Biphasic System for the Synthesis of Alkyl Lactates in the Presence of Acidic Ionic Liquids. Catalysts. 2020; 10(1):37. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal10010037

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dorosz, Urszula, Natalia Barteczko, Piotr Latos, Karol Erfurt, Ewa Pankalla, and Anna Chrobok. 2020. "Highly Efficient Biphasic System for the Synthesis of Alkyl Lactates in the Presence of Acidic Ionic Liquids" Catalysts 10, no. 1: 37. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal10010037

APA Style

Dorosz, U., Barteczko, N., Latos, P., Erfurt, K., Pankalla, E., & Chrobok, A. (2020). Highly Efficient Biphasic System for the Synthesis of Alkyl Lactates in the Presence of Acidic Ionic Liquids. Catalysts, 10(1), 37. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal10010037

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