Assessment of Narrow Band Imaging Algorithm for Video Capsule Endoscopy Based on Decorrelated Color Space for Esophageal Cancer
by
,
Kai-Yao Yang
1,†, 
Yu-Jen Fang
2,3,†,
Riya Karmakar
4, 
Arvind Mukundan
4
,
Yu-Ming Tsao
4,
Chien-Wei Huang
1,5,* and
Hsiang-Chen Wang
4,6,7,*
1
Department of Medical Material Research, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, 2, Zhongzheng 1st. Rd., Lingya District, Kaohsiung City 80284, Taiwan
2
Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yun-Lin Branch, No. 579, Sec. 2, Yunlin Rd., Dou-Liu 64041, Taiwan
3
Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College, No. 1 Jen Ai Rd. Sec. 1, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
4
Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, 168, University Rd., Min Hsiung, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan
5
Department of Nursing, Tajen University, 20, Weixin Rd., Yanpu Township, Pingtung 90741, Taiwan
6
Department of Medical Research, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, No. 2, Minsheng Road, Dalin, Chiayi 62247, Taiwan
7
Hitspectra Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd., 4F, No.2, Fuxing 4th Rd., Qianzhen District, Kaohsiung City 80661, Taiwan
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Cancers 2023, 15(19), 4715; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15194715
Submission received: 31 July 2023
/
Revised: 15 September 2023
/
Accepted: 24 September 2023
/
Published: 25 September 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Updates on the Treatment of Gastroesophageal Cancer)
Simple Summary
Video capsule endoscopy (VCE) is a small, patient-friendly tool used for medical imaging, but it lacks narrow band imaging (NBI), which is crucial for detecting various cancers like esophageal cancer (EC). EC is hard to detect early since it often shows no symptoms, leading to a low 5-year survival rate. NBI enhances mucosal features for early cancer identification, but adding it to VCE isn’t feasible due to size constraints. This study successfully developed a method to convert traditional white light images (WLI) from VCE into NBI-like images for esophageal examination. The method performed well, with high similarity scores and improved image quality, offering a promising solution for better cancer detection.
Abstract
Video capsule endoscopy (VCE) is increasingly used to decrease discomfort among patients owing to its small size. However, VCE has a major drawback of not having narrow band imaging (NBI) functionality. The current VCE has the traditional white light imaging (WLI) only, which has poor performance in the computer-aided detection (CAD) of different types of cancer compared to NBI. Specific cancers, such as esophageal cancer (EC), do not exhibit any early biomarkers, making their early detection difficult. In most cases, the symptoms are unnoticeable, and EC is diagnosed only in later stages, making its 5-year survival rate below 20% on average. NBI filters provide particular wavelengths that increase the contrast and enhance certain features of the mucosa, thereby enabling early identification of EC. However, VCE does not have a slot for NBI functionality because its size cannot be increased. Hence, NBI image conversion from WLI can presently only be achieved in post-processing. In this study, a complete arithmetic assessment of the decorrelated color space was conducted to generate NBI images from WLI images for VCE of the esophagus. Three parameters, structural similarity index metric (SSIM), entropy, and peak-signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), were used to assess the simulated NBI images. Results show the good performance of the NBI image reproduction method with SSIM, entropy difference, and PSNR values of 93.215%, 4.360, and 28.064 dB, respectively.
