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Toxins, Volume 5, Issue 1

January 2013 - 16 articles

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Articles (16)

  • Review
  • Open Access
24 Citations
8,928 Views
13 Pages

Off Label Use of Botulinum Toxin in Children under Two Years of Age: A Systematic Review

  • Claudia Druschel,
  • Henriette C. Althuizes,
  • Julia F. Funk and
  • Richard Placzek

7 January 2013

The treatment of children with cerebral palsy with Botulinum Toxin is considered safe and effective, but is only approved for children older than two years of age. The effect of BoNT-A injection on juvenile skeletal muscle especially on neuromuscular...

  • Article
  • Open Access
33 Citations
7,760 Views
11 Pages

Ochratoxin A Management in Vineyards by Lobesia botrana Biocontrol

  • Giuseppe Cozzi,
  • Stefania Somma,
  • Miriam Haidukowski and
  • Antonio F. Logrieco

2 January 2013

Grape berries attacked by Lobesia botrana larvae are more easily infected by Aspergillus section Nigri (black aspergilli) ochratoxigenic species. Two-year field trials were carried out in Apulia (Italy) to evaluate a bioinsecticide control strategy a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
30 Citations
7,529 Views
9 Pages

28 December 2012

This retrospective study was performed to verify the efficacy and safety of Onabotulinumtoxin A (BTX-A) in treating children with neurogenic bladder (NB) secondary to myelomeningocele (MMC) with detrusor overactivity/low compliance. From January 2002...

  • Review
  • Open Access
20 Citations
8,344 Views
24 Pages

28 December 2012

Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) causes severe diseases in humans worldwide. One of its virulence factors is EspP, which belongs to the serine protease autotransporters of Enterobacteriaceae (SPATE) family. In this review we recapitulate the current...

  • Brief Report
  • Open Access
38 Citations
7,365 Views
8 Pages

The Receptors that Mediate the Direct Lethality of Anthrax Toxin

  • Shihui Liu,
  • Yi Zhang,
  • Benjamin Hoover and
  • Stephen H. Leppla

27 December 2012

Tumor endothelium marker-8 (TEM8) and capillary morphogenesis protein-2 (CMG2) are the two well-characterized anthrax toxin receptors, each containing a von Willebrand factor A (vWA) domain responsible for anthrax protective antigen (PA) binding. Rec...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
6,329 Views
7 Pages

27 December 2012

The mouse bioassay (MBA) for diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) toxins has been widely used in many countries of the world. In the Japanese and EU methods, male mice are designated to be used for MBA. Female mice were described to be less susceptib...

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Toxins - ISSN 2072-6651