Identification of Industrial Heritage and a Theoretical Framework for an Industrial Heritage Inventory System in Pakistan
Abstract
:1. Introduction
“Industrial heritage consists of the remains of industrial culture which are of historical, technological, social, architectural or scientific value. These remains consist of buildings and machinery, workshops, mills and factories, mines and sites for processing and refining, warehouses and stores, places where energy is generated, transmitted, and used, transport and all its infrastructure, as well as places used for social activities related to industry, such as housing, religious worship or education”.[3]
“a class structure in which individuals in different occupational systems also possess different economic and cultural capital and roughly differentiate between the dominant class (industrialists, executives), the working class (manual laborers, farmers), and the petty bourgeoisie as the overlapping class (small business owners, teachers, and others)”.[4]
- To identify specific industrial heritage sites, based on the definition provided in the “Nizhny Tagil Charter for the Industrial Heritage” [3].
- To propose a systematic process for developing an inventory for use in assessing the historical, architectural, and urban regeneration significance of industrial buildings in Pakistan.
Industrial Sites in Pakistan with Significant Heritage Value
2. Methodology for Documentation and Industrial Site Inventory in Pakistan
3. Industrial Heritage Inventory of Pakistan
3.1. Critical Derivation
3.2. Proposed Inventory
3.2.1. Step 1: Why and How?
- a
- Vision statement and purpose:
- Identification and protection of important industrial sites;
- Identification of suitable reuse for abandoned/underused heritage buildings;
- Conservation, management, and reintegration of important industrial sites in the community and in regional planning;
- Underscoring how these sites can best contribute to tourism and urban regeneration.
- b
- Scope of the inventory
- c
- Future use and upkeep of the inventory
3.2.2. Step 2: Analysis and Selection of Sites for the Inventory
- The date and name of the recorder;
- The current name of the place;
- The current and original functions of the place and other uses;
- The current and original owners of the site;
- The construction material of the buildings;
- The architectural style of the buildings;
- Any alteration, intervention, or subtraction from the site;
- The current physical condition of the site;
- Observations on current potential and threats;
- Comments on the local surroundings and geographical setting of the site;
- Photos from a variety of angles to show the current state of the buildings in the surroundings.
- (a)
- Evaluation of the data.
- Oral history;
- Site analysis;
- Document review;
- Map review;
- Reviews of newspapers and local history books;
- Examination of historical photographs, drawings, and paintings;
- Examination of building plans and architectural drawings.
3.2.3. Step 3: Industrial Site Inventory Record (ISIR)
3.2.4. Step 4: Eligibility Criteria
3.2.5. Other Characteristics That Can Be Considered When Assessing Suitability
3.2.6. Industrial Site Statement of Significance (Industrial Site SOS)
- (a)
- The building and its context.
- (b)
- Heritage value and integrity.
- (c)
- Important architectural elements.
3.2.7. Application of the Industrial Heritage Inventory Form
4. Findings and Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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No. | Profession | Date of Interview |
---|---|---|
1 | Architect, heritage conservationist, Karachi | 29 January 2019 |
2 | Architect, social activist, Karachi | 9 January 2019 |
3 | Architect, Professor at NED Karachi University | 8 January 2019 |
4 | Architect, Professor at UMT Lahore | - |
5 | Architect, Professor at COMSATS Lahore | 6 February 2019 |
6 | Architect, Professor/Dean SAP UMT Lahore | - |
7 | Divisional superintendent of the Karachi Railway | 8 December 2020 |
8 | Architect, Professor at SUET Karachi | 7 January 2019 |
9 | Supervisor, Karachi Port, east wharf | 17 January 2020 |
10 | PRD Karachi Port Trust | 18 January 2020 |
11 | Former worker at the Port of Karachi | 19 January 2020 |
12 | Karachi Railways employee | 24 January 2020 |
13 | Port of Karachi chief marketing manager | 26 January 2020 |
14 | Karachi Railways employee | 26 January 2020 |
15 | Karachi Railways engineer | 26 January 2020 |
16 | Architect, president of IOCOMOS Pakistan | 3 February 2019 |
Industrial Archaeology | Types | Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Documents | Processing | Machinery, workshops, mills, factories, sites for processing and refining | Historical |
Artifacts | Manufacturing | Technological | |
Structures | Storage | Warehouses, stores, storage areas (locally known as godowns) | Social |
Human settlements | Transportation | Railways, bridges, stations, aqueducts, canals | Architectural |
Urban landscape | Infrastructure | Scientific | |
Social activities structures | Housing, religious buildings, markets, education |
S.NO. | Canada | India | Proposed for Pakistan |
---|---|---|---|
01 | Description | Significance | Building and Context |
02 | Heritage Value | Integrity | Heritage Value and Integrity |
03 | Character-Defining elements | Context | Important Architectural Elements |
No. | Name | Construction Date | City | Location Coordinates |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Cantonment Railway Station | 1864 | Karachi | 24.843971453221542, 67.0411928471272 |
2 | Pakistan Steel Mills (PSM) | 1981 | Karachi | 24.8123350120352, 67.34213825133841 |
3 | Karachi Port Trust storage areas (locally known as godowns) | - | Karachi | 24.84649190727869, 66.99837385263066 |
4 | Mughalpura Railway Workshop | 1861 | Lahore | 31.56398662976902, 74.36476164188643 |
5 | Pakistan Engineering Company (PECO) | 1947 | Lahore | 31.451241225015515, 74.33053041990523 |
6 | Golra Sharif Railway Station | 1881 | Islamabad | 33.67059000501834, 72.9476278330179 |
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Iqbal, N.; Akbar, S.H.; Van Cleempoel, K. Identification of Industrial Heritage and a Theoretical Framework for an Industrial Heritage Inventory System in Pakistan. Sustainability 2022, 14, 5797. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14105797
Iqbal N, Akbar SH, Van Cleempoel K. Identification of Industrial Heritage and a Theoretical Framework for an Industrial Heritage Inventory System in Pakistan. Sustainability. 2022; 14(10):5797. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14105797
Chicago/Turabian StyleIqbal, Naveed, Syed Hamid Akbar, and Koenraad Van Cleempoel. 2022. "Identification of Industrial Heritage and a Theoretical Framework for an Industrial Heritage Inventory System in Pakistan" Sustainability 14, no. 10: 5797. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14105797