Spatio-Temporal Variation in Mountainous Landscape Changes: A Case Study of Shizhu County
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Data Sources and Processing
2.3. Analysis of Landscape Dynamics
2.4. Analysis of Landscape Pattern
2.5. Analysis of Landscape Spatial Variation
3. Results
3.1. Dynamics of the Landscape and Their Spatial Variation
3.1.1. Characteristics of Landscape Dynamics
3.1.2. Spatial Variation of Landscape Dynamics
3.2. Spatial Variation of Type-Level Landscape Indices
3.2.1. Variation of the Type-Level Landscape Index with Elevation
3.2.2. Variation of the Type-Level Landscape Index with Slope
3.2.3. Variation of the Type-Level Landscape Index with Aspect
3.3. Spatial Variation in Landscape-Level Indices
3.3.1. Variation of the Landscape Index with Elevation at the Landscape Level
3.3.2. Variation of the Landscape Index with Slope at the Landscape Level
3.3.3. Variation of the Landscape Index with Aspect at the Landscape Level
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Satellite/Sensor | Path/Row | Time | Bands | Resolution (m) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Landsat 8 OLI_TIRS | 127/39 | Oct., 21, 2015 | 1–7 | 30 |
Landsat 5 TM | 127/39 | Oct., 23, 2010 | 1–5,7 | 30 |
Landsat 5 TM | 127/39 | Jul., 21, 2005 | 1–5,7 | 30 |
Landsat 5 TM | 127/39 | Aug., 09, 2006 | 1–5,7 | 30 |
Landsat 5 TM | 127/39 | May, 20, 2000 | 1–5,7 | 30 |
Year | Area/Ratio | Cropland | Forestland | Grassland | Water Bodies | Built-up Land | Unused Land |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2000 | area | 1140.87 | 1470.58 | 387.92 | 12.84 | 4.91 | 1.33 |
ratio | 37.8 | 48.72 | 12.85 | 0.43 | 0.16 | 0.04 | |
2005 | area | 1184.55 | 1530.2 | 272.1 | 22.4 | 7.32 | 1.89 |
ratio | 39.24 | 50.69 | 9.01 | 0.76 | 0.24 | 0.06 | |
2010 | area | 858.52 | 2008.26 | 83.46 | 33.94 | 32.74 | 1.53 |
ratio | 28.45 | 66.53 | 2.77 | 1.12 | 1.08 | 0.05 | |
2015 | area | 829.87 | 2034.62 | 62.04 | 35.29 | 55.7 | 0.93 |
ratio | 27.48 | 67.41 | 2.06 | 1.17 | 1.85 | 0.03 |
Type | 2000–2005 | 2005–2010 | 2010–2015 |
---|---|---|---|
cropland | 0.77 | −5.51 | −0.67 |
forestland | 0.81 | 6.25 | 0.26 |
grassland | −5.97 | −13.87 | −5.13 |
water bodies | 14.89 | 10.30 | 0.80 |
built-up land | 9.82 | 69.45 | 14.03 |
unused land | 8.42 | −3.81 | −7.84 |
composite DI | 3.84 | 17.06 | 1.68 |
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Chen, Q.; Li, Y.; Liu, C.; Yang, Y.; Wu, J.; Li, M. Spatio-Temporal Variation in Mountainous Landscape Changes: A Case Study of Shizhu County. Sustainability 2019, 11, 2131. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11072131
Chen Q, Li Y, Liu C, Yang Y, Wu J, Li M. Spatio-Temporal Variation in Mountainous Landscape Changes: A Case Study of Shizhu County. Sustainability. 2019; 11(7):2131. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11072131
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Qin, Yuechen Li, Chunxia Liu, Yunong Yang, Jiao Wu, and Mingyang Li. 2019. "Spatio-Temporal Variation in Mountainous Landscape Changes: A Case Study of Shizhu County" Sustainability 11, no. 7: 2131. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11072131