Sustainability

24 pages, 5730 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Spatiotemporal Evolution of Carbon Emissions and Carbon Allowance Prices in China: Implications for Sustainable Low-Carbon Transition

by Guoli Qu, Chengwei Guo and Jindong Cui

Sustainability 2025, 17(12), 5341; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17125341 (registering DOI) - 10 Jun 2025

Abstract

Guided by China’s “Dual Carbon” targets, the construction of its carbon market advances steadily. As a key policy mechanism for promoting emissions reduction and sustainable development, the emissions trading system plays a vital role in the national green transition strategy. Nonetheless, significant regional [...] Read more.

Guided by China’s “Dual Carbon” targets, the construction of its carbon market advances steadily. As a key policy mechanism for promoting emissions reduction and sustainable development, the emissions trading system plays a vital role in the national green transition strategy. Nonetheless, significant regional disparities exist in carbon emissions, and carbon allowance prices are subject to considerable fluctuations. This study examines the spatiotemporal evolution of China’s carbon emissions, investigating their distribution patterns across different regions. Furthermore, it analyzes the spatiotemporal changes in carbon allowance prices, focusing on their fluctuation patterns and spatial distribution, particularly regional differences in carbon market prices. This study focuses on the interplay between carbon emissions and carbon allowance prices, conducting an in-depth investigation into their interaction mechanisms. Using Shanghai as a case study, we construct a Vector Autoregression (VAR) model to empirically assess the dynamic impact of carbon emissions on carbon prices and their associated feedback effects. Subsequently, we propose policy recommendations for optimizing carbon market operations. This study enhances carbon markets’ functionality as climate governance tools, providing empirical and theoretical foundations for advancing low-carbon transitions and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

1 pages, 117 KiB

Open AccessCorrection

Correction: Bai et al. Coordinated Distribution or Client Introduce? Analysis of Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction in Canadian Logistics Enterprises. Sustainability 2022, 14, 16979

by Yuntao Bai, Yuan Gao, Delong Li and Dehai Liu

Sustainability 2025, 17(12), 5340; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17125340 (registering DOI) - 10 Jun 2025

Abstract

The authors would like to make the following corrections to the published paper [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Logistics and Intelligent Transportation)

24 pages, 5875 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effects of Xanthan Gum and Guar Gum on the Mechanical Properties of Sand–Bentonite Mixtures

by Ammar Al-Jabobi and Huriye Bilsel

Sustainability 2025, 17(12), 5339; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17125339 (registering DOI) - 9 Jun 2025

Abstract

The emphasis on sustainable and environmentally friendly practices in geotechnical engineering has generated interest in alternative soil stabilizing techniques. The present study examines the application of xanthan gum (XG) and guar gum (GG) to enhance the strength of a sand–bentonite composite and explore [...] Read more.

The emphasis on sustainable and environmentally friendly practices in geotechnical engineering has generated interest in alternative soil stabilizing techniques. The present study examines the application of xanthan gum (XG) and guar gum (GG) to enhance the strength of a sand–bentonite composite and explore their potential for use as landfill liners or impervious barriers. The mixtures, consisting of 25% bentonite and 75% sand, were treated with XG and GG concentrations of different percentages (0.5%, 1%, 2%, and 3% by dry mass). The test results indicated that a 2% addition was optimal for both biopolymers. Using this optimum value of XG and GG significantly increased the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) by almost 3-fold compared to the strength of untreated samples. Meanwhile, XG demonstrated a slightly higher impact on strength attributed to its robust gel-forming and binding properties. Comparisons between the two biopolymers highlighted XG’s superior performance, with UCS improvements of up to 20% over GG-treated samples. These results underscore the potential of biopolymers as effective, sustainable alternatives to traditional stabilizers, providing both mechanical enhancements and environmental benefits. The present study contributes valuable insights into green soil stabilization techniques, supporting the development of more sustainable construction practices. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was conducted to analyze the chemical interactions between sand–bentonite mixtures and biopolymers, which possibly provide insights into the bonding mechanisms responsible for the observed improvements in mechanical and volumetric behavior. Full article

31 pages, 7861 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Improving Sustainable Viticulture in Developing Countries: A Case Study

by Zandra Betzabe Rivera Chavez, Alessia Porcaro, Marco Claudio De Simone and Domenico Guida

Sustainability 2025, 17(12), 5338; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17125338 (registering DOI) - 9 Jun 2025

Abstract

This paper presents the identification of the functional requirements and development of a preliminary concept of the AgriRover, a low-cost, modular autonomous vehicle intended to support sustainable practices in traditional vineyards in developing countries, focusing on the Ica region of Peru. Viticulture in [...] Read more.

This paper presents the identification of the functional requirements and development of a preliminary concept of the AgriRover, a low-cost, modular autonomous vehicle intended to support sustainable practices in traditional vineyards in developing countries, focusing on the Ica region of Peru. Viticulture in this region faces acute challenges such as soil salinity, climate variability, labour shortages, and low technological readiness. Rather than offering a ready-made technological integration, this study adopts a step-by-step design approach grounded in the realities of smallholder farmers. The authors mapped the phenological stages of grapevines using the BBCH scale and systematically reviewed available sensing and monitoring technologies to determine the most context-appropriate solutions. Virtual modelling and preliminary analysis validate AgriRover’s geometric configuration and path-following capabilities within narrow vineyard rows. The proposed platform is meant to be adaptable, scalable, and maintainable using locally available material and human resources. AgriRover offers a practical and affordable foundation for precision agriculture in resource-constrained settings by aligning viticultural challenges with sensor deployment strategies and sustainability criteria. The sustainability analysis of the initial AgriRover concept was evaluated using the CML methodology, accounting for local waste processing rates and energy mixes to reflect environmental realities in Peru. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Agriculture)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

23 pages, 1209 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Practical Framework for the Design of Low-Carbon and Circular Building Structures

by Kaveh Andisheh, Amir ShahMohammadi and Troy Coyle

Sustainability 2025, 17(12), 5337; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17125337 (registering DOI) - 9 Jun 2025

Abstract

The construction sector is responsible for nearly 40% of annual global carbon emissions. This includes approximately 28% from operational carbon, 23% from transportation, and 11% from building and infrastructure materials. Following a review of the literature and a survey, a Low-Carbon Circular Design [...] Read more.

The construction sector is responsible for nearly 40% of annual global carbon emissions. This includes approximately 28% from operational carbon, 23% from transportation, and 11% from building and infrastructure materials. Following a review of the literature and a survey, a Low-Carbon Circular Design Framework was developed. The Framework was piloted to develop specific design guidance for low-rise steel, steel–concrete, and steel–timber hybrid structures. The specific guidance is targeted at industry experts, researchers, and building designers. Additionally, a Low-carbon Circular Design Hierarchy and associated flowchart was proposed. The effectiveness of the Framework, specific guidance, and proposed design flowchart was evaluated through a real-world case study involving a three-story commercial building typical of this typology in Aotearoa New Zealand. The results demonstrated that a 57% reduction in carbon using the proposed hierarchy is readily achievable within the Aotearoa New Zealand context. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancing Energy-Efficient Buildings for Net-Zero Carbon Emission Goals)

22 pages, 315 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

A Systematic Review of the Effects of Mandatory Corporate Sustainability Reporting

by Triantafyllos Papafloratos and Tania Pantazi

Sustainability 2025, 17(12), 5336; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17125336 (registering DOI) - 9 Jun 2025

Abstract

An increasing number of countries are introducing regulations on mandatory sustainability reporting, while researchers from various disciplines are trying to evaluate the effects of rendering sustainability reports mandatory. We conducted a review of 171 articles in Scopus-indexed journals, aiming to identify the most [...] Read more.

An increasing number of countries are introducing regulations on mandatory sustainability reporting, while researchers from various disciplines are trying to evaluate the effects of rendering sustainability reports mandatory. We conducted a review of 171 articles in Scopus-indexed journals, aiming to identify the most prominent topics and key research outputs. Our findings are categorized into four broad themes: the effects of legislation on the quality and quantity of the reports, the effects of financial performance on firms, the effects of ESG performance on firms and other effects. This is the first review to include a large number of empirical and non-empirical studies from various disciplines, including law. The positive effect of legislation on the quality, credibility and comparability of reports is more pronounced for countries outside Europe. The effects related to the financial performance of firms are positive in the long run. At the same time, regulation induces companies to adopt more CSR initiatives and may therefore be seen as an effective tool in rendering businesses more sustainable. Other perceived effects of increasing regulation are the fragmentation, complexity and rapid evolvement of the legislative framework on sustainability reporting, as well as the role of the institutional environment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Governance: ESG Practices in the Modern Corporation)

17 pages, 937 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Wine Tourism in Galicia, Sustainability, Circular Economy and Unique Experiences, the Future for the Wine Sector

by José Luis del Campo-Villares and Rosana Fuentes-Fernández

Sustainability 2025, 17(12), 5335; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17125335 (registering DOI) - 9 Jun 2025

Abstract

Wine tourism has emerged as a thriving activity within the international wine sector, evolving from simple winery visits to immersive and experiential engagements. This study explores the role of wine tourism in Galicia, emphasizing its integration into the circular economy and sustainability frameworks. [...] Read more.

Wine tourism has emerged as a thriving activity within the international wine sector, evolving from simple winery visits to immersive and experiential engagements. This study explores the role of wine tourism in Galicia, emphasizing its integration into the circular economy and sustainability frameworks. By analyzing visitor expectations and leveraging Galicia’s unique attributes—such as its natural beauty, cultural heritage, and renowned gastronomy—this research aims to position Galicia as a leading wine tourism destination in Spain. The study employs surveys targeting wineries, accommodation providers, and wine tourists to assess the impact of sustainable practices on economic performance and community development. Key findings indicate that activities related to renewable energy and sustainable tourism significantly enhance winery revenues, while also contributing to local economic growth and population retention in rural areas. The research concludes that a collaborative approach between public and private sectors is essential for designing a sustainable and circular economy in wine tourism, ensuring long-term benefits for both the environment and local communities. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovation and Strategic Management in Business)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

21 pages, 1221 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Flowering Patterns of Cornus mas L. in the Landscape Phenology of Roadside Green Infrastructure Under Climate Change Conditions in Serbia

by Mirjana Ocokoljić, Nevenka Galečić, Dejan Skočajić, Jelena Čukanović, Sara Đorđević, Radenka Kolarov and Djurdja Petrov

Sustainability 2025, 17(12), 5334; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17125334 (registering DOI) - 9 Jun 2025

Abstract

One of the emerging services provided by roadside green infrastructure is its contribution to the quality of landscape phenology, which is measured through the succession of colours and forms throughout the seasons. In the seasonal dynamics of space, flowering phenological patterns play a [...] Read more.

One of the emerging services provided by roadside green infrastructure is its contribution to the quality of landscape phenology, which is measured through the succession of colours and forms throughout the seasons. In the seasonal dynamics of space, flowering phenological patterns play a key role, particularly in early blooming species such as Cornus mas L. Therefore, this paper aims to highlight the significance of the Cornelian cherry as a component of roadside green infrastructure in the southwestern suburban zone of Belgrade. Through an integrative approach to phenological and climatic elements, and by means of a specific case study covering the period from 2007 to 2025, under climate change conditions, the influence of air temperature and precipitation on local flowering patterns of the Cornelian cherry has been assessed. Based on 1140 phenological observations conducted over 19 consecutive years, from January to April, key flowering elements were identified—those that influence pollination, fruiting, and the species’ practical potential. The Mann–Kendall, Sen’s slope, Rayleigh, and Watson–Williams tests were used to examine spatio-temporal changes in flowering patterns, while the Spearman Rank test and circular statistics were applied to quantify correlations among the analysed parameters. The results confirm that Cornelian cherry is an adaptive and sustainable species that continuously provides visual identity during its flowering period, while simultaneously reflecting climate change through phenological responses. These phenological responses are closely linked to local climatic conditions. In addition to enriching landscape phenology with vibrant visual features during the colder months, Cornelian cherry also enhances biodiversity by providing ecosystem services as a nectar-producing species, with its pollen serving as an early and valuable food source for bees. The study also confirms that the seasonal dynamics of landscape phenology can be used as a scientifically valid criterion for assessing the ecological quality of roadside green infrastructure. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainability, Biodiversity and Conservation)

20 pages, 2323 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Distribution Patterns and Water-Level-Driven Evolution Mechanisms of Arsenic in Shallow Groundwater in the Lower Yellow River

by Suhua Meng, Xiangquan Li, Xueqing Zhang, Xiangxiang Cui, Jinli Cui, Chen Su, Yuhong Fei, Shan Lei and Kun Liu

Sustainability 2025, 17(12), 5333; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17125333 (registering DOI) - 9 Jun 2025

Abstract

Due to the lack of research on the temporal variation in As in the lower Yellow River and the extreme rainfall during the 2021 rainy season, this study aimed to investigate the As distribution patterns and their evolution driven by water level changes. [...] Read more.

Due to the lack of research on the temporal variation in As in the lower Yellow River and the extreme rainfall during the 2021 rainy season, this study aimed to investigate the As distribution patterns and their evolution driven by water level changes. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that As mobilization was predominantly controlled by redox conditions and mineral dissolution/desorption processes. The distribution of high-As water exhibited significant spatial variability, mainly located in the alluvial fan plain (14.97 μg/L) and marine-alluvial plain (22.5 μg/L). The average As concentrations in the study area decreased by 3.78 μg/L(11.55 μg/L in May and 7.77 μg/L in September). High-As groundwater was highly sensitive to water level fluctuations, while low-As groundwater was less affected. In the alluvial fan plain, As decreased with a 0–2 m groundwater level rise but increased when the level exceeded 4 m. A sedimentary zone–As distribution–water level sensitivity response model was proposed, which provides important reference value for developing groundwater exploitation and utilization plans. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Origins, Transport and Fate of Biogenic Substances and Heavy Metals in the Water Environment)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 517 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Identifying Local Characteristics for Customized Policy Application Within Rural Areas Using LDA Topic Modelling

by Hogyeong Jeong, Yeeun Shin, Sang-woo Lee, Seokjun Han and Kyungjin An

Sustainability 2025, 17(12), 5332; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17125332 (registering DOI) - 9 Jun 2025

Abstract

Rural plans incorporating regional identity are vital for fostering regional revitalization and offering viable policy alternatives. The need for a systematic approach that recognizes both the diversity and shared characteristics of rural areas has become increasingly clear. Although numerous studies have explored rural [...] Read more.

Rural plans incorporating regional identity are vital for fostering regional revitalization and offering viable policy alternatives. The need for a systematic approach that recognizes both the diversity and shared characteristics of rural areas has become increasingly clear. Although numerous studies have explored rural classification, research examining specific regional characteristics remains limited. Hence, this study aimed to establish a comprehensive standard for developing effective rural plans. To this end, a study was conducted to classify the characteristics of rural areas using topic modeling, which is a text-mining algorithm. An analysis of publications on rural revitalization projects in Korea over the past decade revealed five common factors of success themes across each region. The five success factors, “local cultural experience”, “environment and landscape utilization”, “community activation”, “regional infrastructure development”, and “local economic activation”, should be considered in rural areas with different characteristics when establishing rural plans and policies. This classification of success factors serves as the foundation for establishing rural plans and policies. By applying different weights to the five success factors according to the unique characteristics and conditions of each region, it would open a great number of possibilities to establish more precise and effective customized plans. Future research is required to provide more empirical and broadly applicable results based on the classification framework proposed in this study. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Rural Development and Agricultural Policy)

23 pages, 522 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Research on the Impact of Fintech on Carbon Emissions: Empirical Evidence from 286 Prefecture-Level Cities in China

by Wenjing Li, Dan Tong and Hong Sun

Sustainability 2025, 17(12), 5331; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17125331 (registering DOI) - 9 Jun 2025

Abstract

While fintech offers new pathways for carbon emission reduction, its underlying mechanisms and regional disparities remain underexplored. Unlike prior studies, this study systematically examines the heterogeneous impact of fintech on carbon emissions by integrating geographic, regulatory, and developmental dimensions, while uncovering the counteracting [...] Read more.

While fintech offers new pathways for carbon emission reduction, its underlying mechanisms and regional disparities remain underexplored. Unlike prior studies, this study systematically examines the heterogeneous impact of fintech on carbon emissions by integrating geographic, regulatory, and developmental dimensions, while uncovering the counteracting “rebound effect” of technological innovation. Based on panel data from 286 prefecture-level cities in China (2010–2021), this study employs instrumental variable approaches and interaction effect models to examine the regional heterogeneity and underlying mechanisms of fintech’s carbon-emission-reduction effects. The results are as follows: (1) Fintech development demonstrates a statistically significant negative correlation with carbon emissions, confirming its emission-reduction potential; (2) The emission-reduction effects of fintech demonstrate substantial regional heterogeneity, with particularly pronounced impacts observed in eastern and western regions, smaller-sized cities, and areas with relatively lenient environmental regulations; (3) Fintech effectively curbs carbon emissions by optimizing industrial structure and improving energy efficiency. However, technological innovation exhibits a significant “rebound effect” that undermines fintech’s emission-reduction efficacy. This adverse impact is most evident during the nascent stage of fintech development and in non-resource-based cities. Policymakers should adopt region-specific strategies to align fintech with low-carbon industries while introducing carbon impact assessments for innovations to counteract rebound effects and maximize fintech’s emission-reduction potential. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 1196 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Academic–Practical Cooperation: A Case Study of Rural Destination Image

by Yael Ram, Shahar Shilo, Lee Gafter and Noga Collins-Kreiner

Sustainability 2025, 17(12), 5330; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17125330 (registering DOI) - 9 Jun 2025

Abstract

The paper makes a novel contribution to bridging the academic–practitioner divide in tourism studies, specifically in the context of the destination image. An advanced, robust estimation modeling approach that analyzed a lagged commercial international survey of potential tourists reveals that academics and practitioners [...] Read more.

The paper makes a novel contribution to bridging the academic–practitioner divide in tourism studies, specifically in the context of the destination image. An advanced, robust estimation modeling approach that analyzed a lagged commercial international survey of potential tourists reveals that academics and practitioners tend to draw different conclusions from the same dataset based on their different hypotheses. These findings suggest that academics and practitioners have limited perspectives of destination image, casting doubt on the relevance of existing destination image models, particularly when applied to individuals who already hold a less-than-positive perception. Hence, this study suggests four steps for enhancing cooperation between academics and practitioners: the use of a mixed team, re-examination of commercial (lagged) datasets, developing a combined set of hypotheses, and conducting rigorous analysis. The findings advance both theoretical understanding and practical strategy by showing that cognitive marketing messages may reinforce existing views but rarely overturn them. To support the market, academics should focus on conative destination image, develop segmentation tools to identify the target groups based on their overall destination image, and build dynamic destination image models that portray the differences between the groups and conditions. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

37 pages, 2520 KiB

Open AccessReview

Sustainable Transition Pathways for Steel Manufacturing: Low-Carbon Steelmaking Technologies in Enterprises

by Jinghua Zhang, Haoyu Guo, Gaiyan Yang, Yan Wang and Wei Chen

Sustainability 2025, 17(12), 5329; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17125329 (registering DOI) - 9 Jun 2025

Abstract

Amid escalating global climate crises and the urgent imperative to meet the Paris Agreement’s carbon neutrality targets, the steel industry—a leading contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions—confronts unprecedented challenges in driving sustainable industrial transformation through innovative low-carbon steelmaking technologies. This paper examines decarbonization [...] Read more.

Amid escalating global climate crises and the urgent imperative to meet the Paris Agreement’s carbon neutrality targets, the steel industry—a leading contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions—confronts unprecedented challenges in driving sustainable industrial transformation through innovative low-carbon steelmaking technologies. This paper examines decarbonization technologies across three stages (source, process, and end-of-pipe) for two dominant steel production routes: the long process (BF-BOF) and the short process (EAF). For the BF-BOF route, carbon reduction at the source stage is achieved through high-proportion pellet charging in the blast furnace and high scrap ratio utilization; at the process stage, carbon control is optimized via bottom-blowing O₂-CO₂-CaO composite injection in the converter; and at the end-of-pipe stage, CO₂ recycling and carbon capture are employed to achieve deep decarbonization. In contrast, the EAF route establishes a low-carbon production system by relying on green and efficient electric arc furnaces and hydrogen-based shaft furnaces. At the source stage, energy consumption is reduced through the use of green electricity and advanced equipment; during the process stage, precision smelting is realized through intelligent control systems; and at the end-of-pipe stage, a closed-loop is achieved by combining cascade waste heat recovery and steel slag resource utilization. Across both process routes, hydrogen-based direct reduction and green power-driven EAF technology demonstrate significant emission reduction potential, providing key technical support for the low-carbon transformation of the steel industry. Comparative analysis of industrial applications reveals varying emission reduction efficiencies, economic viability, and implementation challenges across different technical pathways. The study concludes that deep decarbonization of the steel industry requires coordinated policy incentives, technological innovation, and industrial chain collaboration. Accelerating large-scale adoption of low-carbon metallurgical technologies through these synergistic efforts will drive the global steel sector toward sustainable development goals. This study provides a systematic evaluation of current low-carbon steelmaking technologies and outlines practical implementation strategies, contributing to the industry’s decarbonization efforts. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Operations: Advancing Industry Practices for a Greener Future)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

24 pages, 930 KiB

Open AccessReview

On the Effects of Additive Manufacturing on Affordable Housing Development: A Review

by Mahmoud Bayat, Subham Kharel and Jianling Li

Sustainability 2025, 17(12), 5328; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17125328 - 9 Jun 2025

Abstract

Additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing is transforming the construction industry by enabling the production of complex structures and components from digital blueprints using materials like concrete, plastics, and recycled materials. This technology reduces material waste, lowers production costs, and opens new possibilities [...] Read more.

Additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing is transforming the construction industry by enabling the production of complex structures and components from digital blueprints using materials like concrete, plastics, and recycled materials. This technology reduces material waste, lowers production costs, and opens new possibilities for sustainable and affordable housing. Traditionally used for prototypes and low-volume production, AM has advanced into the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) sectors, offering potential solutions to the affordable housing crisis. Concrete 3D printing, for example, can reduce carbon emissions through the use of alternative materials, minimizing the need for raw resources. Additionally, the ability to optimize material usage and reduce construction waste through techniques like prefabrication and rapid construction can significantly lower the cost of building homes. This paper discusses how AM can contribute to addressing the challenges of affordable housing by exploring its applications in construction, its potential for reducing environmental impacts, and its role in improving cost-effectiveness. By integrating AM into manufactured housing models, it becomes possible to develop sustainable, cost-effective homes on a larger scale, which offers a promising solution to the growing demand for affordable housing. Through the widespread adoption of 3D printing technologies, it is feasible to address both affordability and sustainability concerns in the housing sector. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

25 pages, 6573 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Study of the Impact of Industrial Land Development on PM_2.5 Concentrations in China

by Qing Liu, Weihao Huang, Shilong Wu, Lianghui Tian and Hui Ren

Sustainability 2025, 17(12), 5327; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17125327 - 9 Jun 2025

Abstract

To promote the sustainable use of land resources and improve air pollution control, this study investigates the spatiotemporal dynamics of industrial land development and the heterogeneity of PM_2.5 concentrations across regions. Based on national land transaction data and PM_2.5 raster datasets, [...] Read more.

To promote the sustainable use of land resources and improve air pollution control, this study investigates the spatiotemporal dynamics of industrial land development and the heterogeneity of PM_2.5 concentrations across regions. Based on national land transaction data and PM_2.5 raster datasets, the analysis employs Moran’s I, a hot and cold spot analysis, and multivariate linear regression to examine how the transaction frequency, transaction area, and total transaction price of industrial land influence PM_2.5 concentrations in 286 cities from 2010 to 2021. The study focuses on quantifying the impact of industrial land development on PM_2.5 concentrations. The main findings are as follows: (1) the frequency of industrial land transactions varies significantly across regions, with clear intra-regional differences. The transaction area and total transaction price decrease in the following order: “East-West-Central-North-East” and “East-Central-West-North-East”, respectively. (2) The spatial clustering of PM_2.5 concentrations has intensified, with hot spots concentrated in Eastern and Central cities. Cold spots are distributed in bands along the Southern coast and scattered patterns in Heilongjiang Province. (3) The influence of industrial land development on PM_2.5 concentrations has generally weakened nationwide, with the strongest effects observed in the Eastern region. Among the development indicators, the impact of the transaction area is increasing, while those of the transaction frequency and total price are declining, showing clear regional disparities. Therefore, integrating sustainable development principles into the adjustment of the industrial land market is essential for effective air pollution prevention. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Air Pollution and Sustainability)

30 pages, 6725 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Habitat Suitability Dynamics of Yellow River Delta Nature Reserves for Rare Waterbirds

by Hongli Wang, Yunyi Chi, Yujie Zhong and Qiang Wang

Sustainability 2025, 17(12), 5326; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17125326 - 9 Jun 2025

Abstract

Coastal wetland degradation continues to threaten the stability and ecological function of rare waterbird habitats, highlighting the need for a multi-species, long-term habitat assessment framework. This study examines the YRDNR using an integrated approach that combines MaxEnt and HSI models, high-resolution Land Use/Land [...] Read more.

Coastal wetland degradation continues to threaten the stability and ecological function of rare waterbird habitats, highlighting the need for a multi-species, long-term habitat assessment framework. This study examines the YRDNR using an integrated approach that combines MaxEnt and HSI models, high-resolution Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) data, and Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation to assess habitat dynamics for five rare waterbird species from 2005 to 2024. The key findings include the following: (1) The total wetland area first declined, then increased, with natural wetlands decreasing and artificial wetlands expanding. (2) Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) emerged as the primary factor influencing habitat suitability, with species-specific environmental responses. (3) Habitats for Ciconia boyciana, Larus saundersi, Grus japonensis, and Numenius madagascariensis declined and then recovered, while the Cygnus olor’s habitat steadily expanded. Habitat fragmentation increased for Larus saundersi and Numenius madagascariensis, while patch size and connectivity improved for Ciconia boyciana, Grus japonensis, and Cygnus olor. (4) Overall, the suitable habitat area of rare waterbird increased, accompanied by a structural shift from natural to artificial wetlands. The proposed framework supports the long-term monitoring and precise management of coastal wetlands, offering valuable insights for global waterbird conservation and sustainable wetland governance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Vegetation Management: Forestry, Agriculture and Protected Areas)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

31 pages, 8500 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Risks, Obstacles and Challenges of the Electrical Energy Transition in Europe: Greece as a Case Study

by Georgios Fotis, Theodoros I. Maris and Valeri Mladenov

Sustainability 2025, 17(12), 5325; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17125325 (registering DOI) - 9 Jun 2025

Abstract

The European Union’s 2030 target of decreasing net greenhouse gas emissions by at least 55% has resulted in a significant uptake of renewable energy sources (RESs) in the European power system, primarily wind and solar power, as well as the closure of conventional [...] Read more.

The European Union’s 2030 target of decreasing net greenhouse gas emissions by at least 55% has resulted in a significant uptake of renewable energy sources (RESs) in the European power system, primarily wind and solar power, as well as the closure of conventional power plants that mostly used fossil fuels. The European Union’s members have accelerated the process of energy transition driven by climate change, and public authorities’ involvement in this process is impressive. The goal of this study is to present a broad overview of the existing challenges for the energy transition in Europe and how they can affect the reliability and stability of the interconnected power system in Europe and future investments, focusing especially on Greece. Unfortunately, this environmentally friendly transition is taking place without the required amount of investment in electrical energy storage technology, which raises the risk of a blackout due to the high predicted variability of RES. The gradual abandonment of conventional energy production units such as natural gas in the coming decades will intensify the problem of frequency regulation, which will become even more acute due to the particularly increased installed capacity in RESs across Europe and Greece. The European Power System, being partially unprepared for the energy transition, frequently faces a paradox: it rejects green power originating from high-RES production because of low demand, a lack of transmission line interconnections, or extremely low energy storage capacity. This paper examines all the prerequisites, including how the European electrical transmission system will be developed in the future and how new energy storage technologies will be used. Lastly, Greece’s energy future and potential risks associated with realizing the environmental goals of the European Green Deal is studied using a PESTEL analysis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative and Smart Renewable Energy Technologies for Developing Low-Carbon and Sustainable Societies)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

32 pages, 4255 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sustainable Distribution Network Planning for Enhancing PV Accommodation: A Source–Network–Storage Coordinated Stochastic Approach

by Jing Wang, Chenzhang Chang, Jian Le, Xiaobing Liao and Weihao Wang

Sustainability 2025, 17(12), 5324; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17125324 (registering DOI) - 9 Jun 2025

Abstract

To address the impacts of source load temporal–spatial uncertainties on distribution network planning considering the global transition towards sustainable energy systems with high-penetration photovoltaic (PV) integration, this paper proposes a source–network–storage coordinated stochastic planning method. A temporal–spatial correlation probability model for PV output [...] Read more.

To address the impacts of source load temporal–spatial uncertainties on distribution network planning considering the global transition towards sustainable energy systems with high-penetration photovoltaic (PV) integration, this paper proposes a source–network–storage coordinated stochastic planning method. A temporal–spatial correlation probability model for PV output and load demand is constructed based on Copula theory. Scenario generation and efficient reduction are achieved through Monte Carlo sampling and K-means clustering, extracting representative daily scenarios that preserve the temporal–spatial characteristics. A coordinated planning model targeting the minimization of comprehensive costs is established to holistically optimize PV deployment, energy storage system (ESS) configuration, and network expansion schemes. Simulations on typical distribution network systems demonstrate that the proposed method, by integrating temporal–spatial correlation modeling and multi-element collaborative decision-making, significantly improves PV accommodation capacity and reduces planning costs while improving the overall economic efficiency of distribution network planning. This study provides a robust technical pathway for developing economically viable and resilient distribution networks capable of integrating large-scale renewable energy, thereby contributing to the decarbonization of the power sector and advancing the goals of sustainable energy development. Full article

29 pages, 1911 KiB

Open AccessReview

Adolescents’ Perceptions of Sustainable Diets: Myths, Realities, and School-Based Interventions

by Paula Silva

Sustainability 2025, 17(12), 5323; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17125323 (registering DOI) - 9 Jun 2025

Abstract

This narrative review examines adolescents’ perceptions of sustainable dietary characteristics, including local eating, plant-based diets, organic food, and food waste, and how these influence their understanding and behavior. Evidence indicates that adolescents often have simplified conceptions of these practices, which leads to misconceptions. [...] Read more.

This narrative review examines adolescents’ perceptions of sustainable dietary characteristics, including local eating, plant-based diets, organic food, and food waste, and how these influence their understanding and behavior. Evidence indicates that adolescents often have simplified conceptions of these practices, which leads to misconceptions. Local food is frequently perceived as inherently more sustainable despite complex factors such as seasonality, production methods, and transportation. Although reducing meat consumption is crucial for environmental impact, adolescents may struggle to understand sustainable protein sources and animal-based foods in various contexts. Although viewed positively, the benefits and limitations of organic food remain poorly understood. Food waste is recognized as significant; however, adolescents often focus on individuals rather than on systemic drivers. Schools play a pivotal role in the promotion of food literacy and sustainable dietary habits. Educational interventions that integrate sustainability into curricula, provide hands-on learning, and engage families can help adolescents to develop critical thinking skills and make informed food choices. Strategies such as promoting a plant-based diet, sourcing local produce, incorporating organic options, and implementing waste reduction programs can create environments that support sustainable eating habits. These efforts must be context-sensitive, culturally relevant, and grounded in understanding food systems. By empowering adolescents to question assumptions, recognize complexities, and take action, schools can cultivate a generation capable of leading the transition towards healthier and more sustainable diets. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovations in Agri-Food Biotechnology for Sustainable and Secure Food Production)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Journal Description

Sustainability

Latest Articles

Journal Menu

Journal Browser

Highly Accessed Articles

Latest Books

E-Mail Alert

News

Topics

Conferences

Special Issues

Topical Collections

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI