World Electric Vehicle Journal, Volume 5, Issue 2

Electric Powered Two Wheeler (EPTW) market has exploded the past decade. The EPTW is mainly an electric bike today but new electric scooters are entering the market as well and will add to the EPTW product mix. China is the dominant user and producer...

The paper issues the development, building and testing of a Folding Electric Motorbike, a lightweight, low cost and all-electric two-wheeler vehicle taking full advantage on today’s city infrastructure. The technology offers drivers to combine transp...

Short sea shipping, the movement of freight along coasts and inland waterways, is more efficient and environmentally friendly for transporting large quantities of product. While marine transport may displace numerous diesel trucks, conventional propu...

This paper describes a novel thermal model for lithium-ion battery technology. The model has been developed in Matlab/Simulink, which is based mainly on the electrical parameters such as thermal resistance, thermal capacitance, and thermal convection...

This paper presents the results of analysis into the adverse effects on vehicle performance caused by the deterioration in capacity and increase in resistance of lithium-ion batteries installed in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). Detailed evaluations...

Green Houses Gas (GHG) emission reduction and fossil fuel economy are becoming important global issues. In Chinese cities, new commercial vehicles using diesel engines are not allow--new buses must be zero-emission electric vehicles (E-bus). A fully-...

The occurrence and simulative reconstruction of local aging inhomogeneities in Li-ion cells caused by temperature gradients are described, which typically result from active battery cooling in automotive applications. The interactions of thermal, ele...

This paper describes the Advanced Dual-Cell Battery Concept for Battery Electric Vehicles in the framework of the European Seventh Framework Programme (FP7). The project investigates a well promising new energy concept, whereby high energy and high p...

This paper presents an evaluation of battery requirements for hybrid and electric city buses. Technical specifications of recently developed lithium based batteries and vehicle simulation results are used as basis for the evaluation. The battery requ...

From system layout to the vehicle integration a lot of design steps have to be taken into account regarding high-voltage (HV) batteries for electric vehicles. Electrical performance has to be traded off against mechanical and thermal issues several t...

Southern California Edison (SCE) is performing accelerated life cycle testing on a subsystem of A123’s Grid Battery System (GBS). SCE’s laboratory testing is being performed on one rack containing 6 modules that provided 100 kW and 23 kWh. The full G...

This paper presents an overview of the recent highlights and accomplishments, for fiscal years (FYs) 2011- 2012, by the hybrid and electric systems (HES) R&D Team at the Vehicle Technologies Program (VTP) Office of the United States Department of...

Development of a practical, low cost high voltage electrolyte to enable lithium ion battery (LIB) operation above 4.5V will enable high energy density cells for vehicle applications. Towards that end, Dow Energy Materials is investing in programs to...

Battery systems as a vital part of the electrical vehicles are facing major difficulties, the most important matter is the cells unbalancing. The cells unbalancing leads to individual cell voltages differ over time, decreasing the battery pack capaci...

To ensure the safety of a battery system certain measures can be employed. Monitoring the actual battery temperature is crucial to guarantee a safe use of the system while an optimized cooling system for the battery pack helps to improve the liabilit...

The development of improved State-of-Health (SoH) diagnosis methods is a current research topic for battery-powered applications. For instance, Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) are in rapid extension and create a strong demand for an accurate and relia...

In Hybrid Electricle Vehicles (HEV), performing online energy management is an important task to be achieved to reduce emissions, fuel consumption and increase vehicle performance. For this task, estimating the State of Charge (SOC) is needed since i...

Voltage stability has to be ensured within automotive power buses in order to reliably supply all components with sufficient energy. Especially in modern vehicles (conventional, hybrid electric, or electric), the stability is endangered due to electr...

This paper presents a control scheme of vehicle-to-grid (V2G) operation for the distribution power grid which integrates renewable generation units. An optimal control algorithm is developed to minimize the total operating cost. The potential for pro...

Fuel cell technology is gaining more public, political and industrial awareness after the success of the Mercedes-Benz World Drive. The B-Class F-Cell is equipped with the Nucellsys fuel cell system and accomplished more than 30,000 km in real world...

The development of fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) at Nissan proceeded to the level of limited customer leasing with the X-TRAIL FCV equipped with an in-house FC stack (2005- model). Subsequently, a further improved 2008-model FC stack was developed with d...

This paper deals with electrical propulsion system for light airplane or paraglider. The electrical drive consists of electrical motor, frequency converter and the batterypack. Electrical motor used in a light paraglider was designed as a permanent m...

The control method of the conventional traction control system on split-μsurfaces improves vehicle acceleration performance, but influences its stability performance. To solve this problem, a hierarchical traction control system for ISG hybrid electr...

A clutch is a mechanical device which provides engine torque to the drive shaft of a vehicle. A dry clutch control for AMT (Automated Manual Transmission) systems has been an important issue to improve fuel economy and drivability in hybrid electric...

This publication deals with the concept, the explanation, the development and the actual measurement results of a free-piston linear generator (FPLG). The free-piston linear generator is able to convert chemical energy into electrical energy by using...

This paper analyzes how distributed inverters can further increase the fault tolerance of switched reluctance traction drives. The drive under investigation is an outer-rotor direct-drive switched reluctance machines (SRM) for railway traction. The p...

Electric Vehicles (EVs) and various Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) have been attracting a lot of attention for environmental issues and energy crisis. One of advantages of using foregoing vehicles is charging energy by the regenerative brake. The ru...

This paper presents advanced Compact Hybrid Planetary Transmission Drive (CHPTD) as a solution for the plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV). Proper architecture and elements were designed to achieve the functions of PHEV. The parameters of powertra...

The entire drive integration in the wheels of electric cars enables completely new vehicle drive train concepts and liberties with the interior design. Central motor, external gearing, differentials, axels and drive-shafts are no longer required, whi...

For many, in wheel motors offer a panacea for vehicle design. However history shows the delivery of an acceptable in wheel motor is a deeply challenging task which is dedicated to understanding aggressive torque and speed requirements behind demands...

Different costs effective and high efficiency methods for improving the main performances of tooth concentrated windings are presented. Using these simple techniques, the sub- and high winding space harmonics clearly can be reduced. Different PM mach...

A Hybrid Vehicle (HEV) and an Electric Vehicle (EV) are some of solutions to improve efficiency of a cruse and to reduce CO2 gas by regenerative breaking and operating the engine in optimum condition. It is requested to decrease the motor size and to...

This paper presents a systematic approach of optimal design for an axial-flux permanent magnet wheel motor to have high torque density for light electric vehicles. First, the winding type and the numbers of slots and poles are determined at the stage...

Electric vehicle (EV) motors are subject to extreme and variable loads, resulting in degradation of winding insulation due to high temperatures. This paper describes research on a new conductive composite sensor, which uses insulation resin as a matr...

Low weight and high power density is a main focus in electro mobility. The most common traction motors for vehicle applications are synchronous motors or induction motors whereas synchronous motors are preferred because of their advantage regarding p...

This paper deals with the weight reduction design of In-Wheel type motor for high power density. Accordingly, characteristic and weight of the motor caused by modifying reduction gear ratio are examined. Weight of motor is minimized by modulating the...

In recent years, more and more components in vehicles have been electrified in order to improve the safety and comfort of the passengers as well as the driving performance. Owing to these developments, it has become increasingly difficult to guarante...

Quasi-resonant flyback converter is realized with the aim to demonstrate the topology feasibility using the normally-on switching behaviour of the gallium nitride (GaN) power transistor. Reference converters utilize GaN and silicon-based MOSET as the...

Thermal management is critical in development of hybrid and electric vehicles since they contain multiple high-density power modules that require compact integration and effective cooling. During operation the power modules generate large amounts of...

The conventional high-voltage wiring harness for HEV is composed of wires and plastic protectors. Because of low heat transfer of the plastic protector, the larger sized wire is needed for high-voltage wiring harness to reduce the Joule-heat loss. Fu...

A robust yaw stability control system is designed to stabilize the vehicle yaw motion. Since the vehicles undergo changes in parameters and disturbances with respect to the wide range of driving condition, e.g., tire-road conditions, a robust control...

Fault-tolerant vehicle design is an emerging inter-disciplinary research domain, which is of increased importance due to the electrification of automotive systems. The goal of fault-tolerant systems is to handle occuring faults under operational cond...

In the recent years, advanced technologies of electronic devices for the communication and computer engineering have been considered to be widely implemented in the vehicle systems. Among those possible applications, the automotive network which is s...

This paper deals with the description of current and future vehicle technology related to yaw moment control, anti-lock braking and traction control through the employment of effective torque vectoring strategies for electric vehicles. In particular,...