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Pharmaceutics
Volume 16
Issue 10
10.3390/pharmaceutics16101332
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Review

Review of Gold Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Properties, Shapes, Cellular Uptake, Targeting, Release Mechanisms and Applications in Drug Delivery and Therapy

by
Joel Georgeous
1,
Nour AlSawaftah
2,3,
Waad H. Abuwatfa
2,3 and
Ghaleb A. Husseini
1,2,3,4,*
1
Biomedical Engineering Program, College of Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates
2
Materials Science and Engineering Ph.D. Program, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates
3
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates
4
Biosciences and Bioengineering Ph.D. Program, College of Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Pharmaceutics 2024, 16(10), 1332; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16101332
Submission received: 2 September 2024 / Revised: 8 October 2024 / Accepted: 11 October 2024 / Published: 16 October 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lipid-Based Nanoparticulate Drug Delivery Systems: Preparation, Biomedical Applications, and Evaluation)
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Abstract

The remarkable versatility of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) makes them innovative agents across various fields, including drug delivery, biosensing, catalysis, bioimaging, and vaccine development. This paper provides a detailed review of the important role of AuNPs in drug delivery and therapeutics. We begin by exploring traditional drug delivery systems (DDS), highlighting the role of nanoparticles in revolutionizing drug delivery techniques. We then describe the unique and intriguing properties of AuNPs that make them exceptional for drug delivery. Their shapes, functionalization, drug-loading bonds, targeting mechanisms, release mechanisms, therapeutic effects, and cellular uptake methods are discussed, along with relevant examples from the literature. Lastly, we present the drug delivery applications of AuNPs across various medical domains, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, ocular diseases, and diabetes, with a focus on in vitro and in vivo cancer research.
Keywords: gold nanoparticles; drug delivery; nanotechnology; cancer treatment; targeted delivery gold nanoparticles; drug delivery; nanotechnology; cancer treatment; targeted delivery

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MDPI and ACS Style

Georgeous, J.; AlSawaftah, N.; Abuwatfa, W.H.; Husseini, G.A. Review of Gold Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Properties, Shapes, Cellular Uptake, Targeting, Release Mechanisms and Applications in Drug Delivery and Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2024, 16, 1332. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16101332

AMA Style

Georgeous J, AlSawaftah N, Abuwatfa WH, Husseini GA. Review of Gold Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Properties, Shapes, Cellular Uptake, Targeting, Release Mechanisms and Applications in Drug Delivery and Therapy. Pharmaceutics. 2024; 16(10):1332. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16101332

Chicago/Turabian Style

Georgeous, Joel, Nour AlSawaftah, Waad H. Abuwatfa, and Ghaleb A. Husseini. 2024. "Review of Gold Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Properties, Shapes, Cellular Uptake, Targeting, Release Mechanisms and Applications in Drug Delivery and Therapy" Pharmaceutics 16, no. 10: 1332. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16101332

APA Style

Georgeous, J., AlSawaftah, N., Abuwatfa, W. H., & Husseini, G. A. (2024). Review of Gold Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Properties, Shapes, Cellular Uptake, Targeting, Release Mechanisms and Applications in Drug Delivery and Therapy. Pharmaceutics, 16(10), 1332. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16101332

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