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Pharmaceutics
Volume 15
Issue 6
10.3390/pharmaceutics15061592
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Article

Optimized Chitosan-Based Nanoemulsion Improves Luteolin Release

by
Camila Diedrich
1,
Isabella C. Zittlau
1,
Najeh M. Khalil
1,
Adam F. G. Leontowich
2,
Rilton A. de Freitas
3,
Ildiko Badea
4,* and
Rubiana M. Mainardes
1
1
Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Laboratory, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Guarapuava 85040-167, Brazil
2
Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3, Canada
3
Biopol, Chemistry Department, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil
4
Drug Design and Discovery Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Pharmaceutics 2023, 15(6), 1592; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15061592
Submission received: 27 March 2023 / Revised: 8 May 2023 / Accepted: 14 May 2023 / Published: 25 May 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Formulation and Delivery of Traditional Medicines and Natural Products)
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Abstract

Luteolin (LUT) is a flavonoid found in several edible and medicinal plants. It is recognized for its biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and antitumor effects. However, the limited water solubility of LUT leads to poor absorption after oral administration. Nanoencapsulation may improve the solubility of LUT. Nanoemulsions (NE) were selected for the encapsulation of LUT due to their biodegradability, stability, and ability to control drug release. In this work, chitosan (Ch)-based NE was developed to encapsulate luteolin (NECh-LUT). A 23 factorial design was built to obtain a formulation with optimized amounts of oil, water, and surfactants. NECh-LUT showed a mean diameter of 67.5 nm, polydispersity index 0.174, zeta potential of +12.8 mV, and encapsulation efficiency of 85.49%. Transmission electron microscopy revealed spherical shape and rheological analysis verified the Newtonian behavior of NECh-LUT. SAXS technique confirmed the bimodal characteristic of NECh-LUT, while stability analysis confirmed NECh-LUT stability when stored at room temperature for up to 30 days. Finally, in vitro release studies showed LUT controlled release up to 72 h, indicating the promising potential of NECh-LUT to be used as novel therapeutic option to treat several disorders.
Keywords: optimization; chitosan; stability; response surface methodology; drug release optimization; chitosan; stability; response surface methodology; drug release

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MDPI and ACS Style

Diedrich, C.; Zittlau, I.C.; Khalil, N.M.; Leontowich, A.F.G.; Freitas, R.A.d.; Badea, I.; Mainardes, R.M. Optimized Chitosan-Based Nanoemulsion Improves Luteolin Release. Pharmaceutics 2023, 15, 1592. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15061592

AMA Style

Diedrich C, Zittlau IC, Khalil NM, Leontowich AFG, Freitas RAd, Badea I, Mainardes RM. Optimized Chitosan-Based Nanoemulsion Improves Luteolin Release. Pharmaceutics. 2023; 15(6):1592. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15061592

Chicago/Turabian Style

Diedrich, Camila, Isabella C. Zittlau, Najeh M. Khalil, Adam F. G. Leontowich, Rilton A. de Freitas, Ildiko Badea, and Rubiana M. Mainardes. 2023. "Optimized Chitosan-Based Nanoemulsion Improves Luteolin Release" Pharmaceutics 15, no. 6: 1592. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15061592

APA Style

Diedrich, C., Zittlau, I. C., Khalil, N. M., Leontowich, A. F. G., Freitas, R. A. d., Badea, I., & Mainardes, R. M. (2023). Optimized Chitosan-Based Nanoemulsion Improves Luteolin Release. Pharmaceutics, 15(6), 1592. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15061592

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