Nanomedicine for Combination Urologic Cancer Immunotherapy

Tian, Yun; Liu, Zhenzhu; Wang, Jianbo; Li, Linan; Wang, Fuli; Zhu, Zheng; Wang, Xuejian

doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics15020546

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Nanomedicine for Combination Urologic Cancer Immunotherapy

by

Yun Tian

^1,†,

Zhenzhu Liu

^2,†,

Jianbo Wang

¹,

Linan Li

³,

Fuli Wang

⁴,

Zheng Zhu

^5,* and

Xuejian Wang

^1,*

¹

Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116021, China

²

Department of Cardiovascular, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China

³

Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China

⁴

Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China

⁵

Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA

^*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

^†

These authors contributed equally to this work and should be considered co-first authors.

Pharmaceutics 2023, 15(2), 546; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15020546

Submission received: 4 January 2023 / Revised: 31 January 2023 / Accepted: 2 February 2023 / Published: 6 February 2023

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advancements in Nanobiotechnology and Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Solid Tumors)

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Abstract

Urologic cancers, particularly kidney, bladder, and prostate cancer, have a growing incidence and account for about a million annual deaths worldwide. Treatments, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, hormone therapy, and immunotherapy are the main therapeutic options in urologic cancers. Immunotherapy is now a clinical reality with marked success in solid tumors. Immunological checkpoint blockade, non-specific activation of the immune system, adoptive cell therapy, and tumor vaccine are the main modalities of immunotherapy. Immunotherapy has long been used to treat urologic cancers; however, dose-limiting toxicities and low response rates remain major challenges in the clinic. Herein, nanomaterial-based platforms are utilized as the “savior”. The combination of nanotechnology with immunotherapy can achieve precision medicine, enhance efficacy, and reduce toxicities. In this review, we highlight the principles of cancer immunotherapy in urology. Meanwhile, we summarize the nano-immune technology and platforms currently used for urologic cancer treatment. The ultimate goal is to help in the rational design of strategies for nanomedicine-based immunotherapy in urologic cancer.

Keywords: nanomedicine; immunotherapy; urologic cancer; immune checkpoint inhibitors

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MDPI and ACS Style

Tian, Y.; Liu, Z.; Wang, J.; Li, L.; Wang, F.; Zhu, Z.; Wang, X. Nanomedicine for Combination Urologic Cancer Immunotherapy. Pharmaceutics 2023, 15, 546. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15020546

AMA Style

Tian Y, Liu Z, Wang J, Li L, Wang F, Zhu Z, Wang X. Nanomedicine for Combination Urologic Cancer Immunotherapy. Pharmaceutics. 2023; 15(2):546. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15020546

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tian, Yun, Zhenzhu Liu, Jianbo Wang, Linan Li, Fuli Wang, Zheng Zhu, and Xuejian Wang. 2023. "Nanomedicine for Combination Urologic Cancer Immunotherapy" Pharmaceutics 15, no. 2: 546. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15020546

APA Style

Tian, Y., Liu, Z., Wang, J., Li, L., Wang, F., Zhu, Z., & Wang, X. (2023). Nanomedicine for Combination Urologic Cancer Immunotherapy. Pharmaceutics, 15(2), 546. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15020546

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

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Nanomedicine for Combination Urologic Cancer Immunotherapy

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