Ratiometric Electrochemical Sensor for Butralin Determination Using a Quinazoline-Engineered Prussian Blue Analogue

Monteiro, Marcio Cristiano; Winiarski, João Paulo; Santana, Edson Roberto; Szpoganicz, Bruno; Vieira, Iolanda Cruz

doi:10.3390/ma16031024

Open AccessArticle

Ratiometric Electrochemical Sensor for Butralin Determination Using a Quinazoline-Engineered Prussian Blue Analogue

by

Marcio Cristiano Monteiro

,

João Paulo Winiarski

^*

,

Edson Roberto Santana

^*

,

Bruno Szpoganicz

and

Iolanda Cruz Vieira

Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil

^*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Materials 2023, 16(3), 1024; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16031024

Submission received: 17 December 2022 / Revised: 16 January 2023 / Accepted: 20 January 2023 / Published: 23 January 2023

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Electrode Materials Dedicated for Electroanalysis)

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Abstract

A ratiometric electrochemical sensor based on a carbon paste electrode modified with quinazoline-engineered ZnFe Prussian blue analogue (PBA-qnz) was developed for the determination of herbicide butralin. The PBA-qnz was synthesized by mixing an excess aqueous solution of zinc chloride with an aqueous solution of precursor sodium pentacyanido(quinazoline)ferrate. The PBA-qnz was characterized by spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques. The stable signal of PBA-qnz at +0.15 V vs. Ag/AgCl, referring to the reduction of iron ions, was used as an internal reference for the ratiometric sensor, which minimized deviations among multiple assays and improved the precision of the method. Furthermore, the PBA-qnz-based sensor provided higher current responses for butralin compared to the bare carbon paste electrode. The calibration plot for butralin was obtained by square wave voltammetry in the range of 0.5 to 30.0 µmol L⁻¹, with a limit of detection of 0.17 µmol L⁻¹. The ratiometric sensor showed excellent precision and accuracy and was applied to determine butralin in lettuce and potato samples.

Keywords: Prussian blue analogue; quinazoline; ratiometric sensor; butralin

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MDPI and ACS Style

Monteiro, M.C.; Winiarski, J.P.; Santana, E.R.; Szpoganicz, B.; Vieira, I.C. Ratiometric Electrochemical Sensor for Butralin Determination Using a Quinazoline-Engineered Prussian Blue Analogue. Materials 2023, 16, 1024. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16031024

AMA Style

Monteiro MC, Winiarski JP, Santana ER, Szpoganicz B, Vieira IC. Ratiometric Electrochemical Sensor for Butralin Determination Using a Quinazoline-Engineered Prussian Blue Analogue. Materials. 2023; 16(3):1024. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16031024

Chicago/Turabian Style

Monteiro, Marcio Cristiano, João Paulo Winiarski, Edson Roberto Santana, Bruno Szpoganicz, and Iolanda Cruz Vieira. 2023. "Ratiometric Electrochemical Sensor for Butralin Determination Using a Quinazoline-Engineered Prussian Blue Analogue" Materials 16, no. 3: 1024. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16031024

APA Style

Monteiro, M. C., Winiarski, J. P., Santana, E. R., Szpoganicz, B., & Vieira, I. C. (2023). Ratiometric Electrochemical Sensor for Butralin Determination Using a Quinazoline-Engineered Prussian Blue Analogue. Materials, 16(3), 1024. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16031024

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

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Ratiometric Electrochemical Sensor for Butralin Determination Using a Quinazoline-Engineered Prussian Blue Analogue

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