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Volume 14
Issue 21
10.3390/ma14216308
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Article

Optimization of Cement-Based Mortar Containing Oily Sludge Ash by Response Surface Methodology

by
Mubarak Usman Kankia
1,
Lavania Baloo
1,*,
Nasiru Danlami
2,
Wan Nurliyana Samahani
1,
Bashar S. Mohammed
1,
Sani Haruna
1,2,
Ahmad Hussaini Jagaba
1,
Mahmud Abubakar
3,
Effa Affiana Ishak
1,
Khalid Sayed
1 and
Noor Amila Bt Wan Zawawi
1
1
Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia
2
Civil Engineering Department, Bayero University, Kano PMB 3011, Nigeria
3
Civil Engineering Department, Federal University of Technology, Minna PMB 65, Nigeria
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Materials 2021, 14(21), 6308; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14216308
Submission received: 9 August 2021 / Revised: 30 August 2021 / Accepted: 31 August 2021 / Published: 22 October 2021
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Abstract

In the industries of petroleum extraction, a large volume of oily sludge is being generated. This waste is usually considered difficult to dispose of, causing environmental and economic issues. This study presented the novel experimental method of manufacturing mortar used in civil construction by cement and oily sludge ash (OSA). The defined method was described with a logical experimental study conducted to examine a feasible manufacturing method for casting cement-based mortars by partially replacing cement with OSA. Replacement concentrations for OSA ranged from 0 to 20 percent by cement weight, while the water-to-cement (w/c) ratio was varied from 0.4 to 0.8, and the amount of sand was kept constant. The strengths and absorption rate of the mortar were monitored for 28 days. The OSA contains a crystalline structure with packs of angular grains. Because of OSA in the cement-based mortar mixtures and water-to-cement ratios, the mechanical strength was improved significantly. However, the water absorption trend increased linearly. Using variance analysis, the influence of OSA and w/c ratio on the behavior of mortar was acquired. The developed models were significant for all p-value reactions of <5%. Numerical optimization results showed that the best mixture can be obtained by replacing 8.19 percent cement with OSA and 0.52 as a ratio of w/c.
Keywords: oily sludge; cement; compressive strength; petroleum hydrocarbon oily sludge; cement; compressive strength; petroleum hydrocarbon

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MDPI and ACS Style

Kankia, M.U.; Baloo, L.; Danlami, N.; Samahani, W.N.; Mohammed, B.S.; Haruna, S.; Jagaba, A.H.; Abubakar, M.; Ishak, E.A.; Sayed, K.; et al. Optimization of Cement-Based Mortar Containing Oily Sludge Ash by Response Surface Methodology. Materials 2021, 14, 6308. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14216308

AMA Style

Kankia MU, Baloo L, Danlami N, Samahani WN, Mohammed BS, Haruna S, Jagaba AH, Abubakar M, Ishak EA, Sayed K, et al. Optimization of Cement-Based Mortar Containing Oily Sludge Ash by Response Surface Methodology. Materials. 2021; 14(21):6308. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14216308

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kankia, Mubarak Usman, Lavania Baloo, Nasiru Danlami, Wan Nurliyana Samahani, Bashar S. Mohammed, Sani Haruna, Ahmad Hussaini Jagaba, Mahmud Abubakar, Effa Affiana Ishak, Khalid Sayed, and et al. 2021. "Optimization of Cement-Based Mortar Containing Oily Sludge Ash by Response Surface Methodology" Materials 14, no. 21: 6308. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14216308

APA Style

Kankia, M. U., Baloo, L., Danlami, N., Samahani, W. N., Mohammed, B. S., Haruna, S., Jagaba, A. H., Abubakar, M., Ishak, E. A., Sayed, K., & Amila Bt Wan Zawawi, N. (2021). Optimization of Cement-Based Mortar Containing Oily Sludge Ash by Response Surface Methodology. Materials, 14(21), 6308. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14216308

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