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Volume 13
Issue 23
10.3390/ma13235509
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Review

Methods of Protecting Buildings against HPM Radiation—A Review of Materials Absorbing the Energy of Electromagnetic Waves

by
Krzysztof Majcher
,
Michał Musiał
*,
Wojciech Pakos
,
Adrian Różański
,
Maciej Sobótka
and
Tomasz Trapko
Faculty of Civil Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, pl. Grunwaldzki 11, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Materials 2020, 13(23), 5509; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13235509
Submission received: 26 October 2020 / Revised: 29 November 2020 / Accepted: 30 November 2020 / Published: 3 December 2020
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Abstract

The pulsed high power microwave (HPM) technology has been developed worldwide for over 20 years. The sources of HPM pulses are a weapon of mass destruction. They pose danger especially to computer and telecommunications equipment and systems, both the military and civilian ones. This paper presents a survey of literature on electromagnetic wave radiation absorbing and shielding materials to be used in construction. Relevant protective measures should include the shielding of buildings or their parts and the absorption of radiation by building envelopes and their elements. The main focus is on the possibilities of improving the shielding and absorptive properties of common construction materials, such as concrete, mortars and synthetic resins. The survey covers the following groups of materials: carbon-based admixtures, nickel powder, iron powders, ferrites, magnetite and polymers. The final part of the survey is devoted to hybrid foam microwave absorbers in which the shape of the material’s inner structure and that of its surface play a special role.
Keywords: building; materials; protection; HPM; review building; materials; protection; HPM; review

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MDPI and ACS Style

Majcher, K.; Musiał, M.; Pakos, W.; Różański, A.; Sobótka, M.; Trapko, T. Methods of Protecting Buildings against HPM Radiation—A Review of Materials Absorbing the Energy of Electromagnetic Waves. Materials 2020, 13, 5509. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13235509

AMA Style

Majcher K, Musiał M, Pakos W, Różański A, Sobótka M, Trapko T. Methods of Protecting Buildings against HPM Radiation—A Review of Materials Absorbing the Energy of Electromagnetic Waves. Materials. 2020; 13(23):5509. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13235509

Chicago/Turabian Style

Majcher, Krzysztof, Michał Musiał, Wojciech Pakos, Adrian Różański, Maciej Sobótka, and Tomasz Trapko. 2020. "Methods of Protecting Buildings against HPM Radiation—A Review of Materials Absorbing the Energy of Electromagnetic Waves" Materials 13, no. 23: 5509. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13235509

APA Style

Majcher, K., Musiał, M., Pakos, W., Różański, A., Sobótka, M., & Trapko, T. (2020). Methods of Protecting Buildings against HPM Radiation—A Review of Materials Absorbing the Energy of Electromagnetic Waves. Materials, 13(23), 5509. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13235509

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