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Energies, Volume 7, Issue 4

April 2014 - 42 articles

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Articles (42)

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
6,778 Views
19 Pages

24 April 2014

This paper proposes a model to determine the optimal investment time for energy storage systems (ESSs) in a price arbitrage trade application under conditions of uncertainty over future profits. The adoption of ESSs can generate profits from price ar...

  • Article
  • Open Access
62 Citations
9,588 Views
20 Pages

Downscaling the Impacts of Large-Scale LUCC on Surface Temperature along with IPCC RCPs: A Global Perspective

  • Xiangzheng Deng,
  • Chunhong Zhao,
  • Yingzhi Lin,
  • Tao Zhang,
  • Yi Qu,
  • Fan Zhang,
  • Zhan Wang and
  • Feng Wu

24 April 2014

This study focuses on the potential impacts of large-scale land use and land cover changes (LUCC) on surface temperature from a global perspective. As important types of LUCC, urbanization, deforestation, cultivated land reclamation, and grassland de...

  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
9,320 Views
27 Pages

23 April 2014

Controlled islanding is the last countermeasure for a bulk power system when it suffers from severe cascading contingencies. The objective of controlled islanding is to maintain the stability of each island and to keep the total loss of loads of the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
45 Citations
11,039 Views
18 Pages

23 April 2014

Microgrids are a highly efficient means of embedding distributed generation sources in a power system. However, if a fault occurs inside or outside the microgrid, the microgrid should be immediately disconnected from the main grid using a static swit...

  • Article
  • Open Access
92 Citations
12,621 Views
25 Pages

An Approach to Determine the Weibull Parameters for Wind Energy Analysis: The Case of Galicia (Spain)

  • Camilo Carrillo,
  • José Cidrás,
  • Eloy Díaz-Dorado and
  • Andrés Felipe Obando-Montaño

23 April 2014

The Weibull probability density function (PDF) has mostly been used to fit wind speed distributions for wind energy applications. The goodness of fit of the results depends on the estimation method that was used and the wind type of the analyzed area...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
9,860 Views
22 Pages

22 April 2014

Electric power systems are among the greatest achievements of the last century. Today, important issues, such as an ever-increasing demand, the flexible and reliable integration of distributed generation or a growth in disturbing loads, must be borne...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
10,453 Views
17 Pages

Compact Design of 10 kW Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Stack Systems with Microcontroller Units

  • Hsiaokang Ma,
  • Weiyang Cheng,
  • Fuming Fang,
  • Chinbing Hsu and
  • Chengsheng Lin

22 April 2014

In this study, fuel, oxidant supply and cooling systems with microcontroller units (MCU) are developed in a compact design to fit two 5 kW proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stacks. At the initial stage, the testing facility of the system has...

  • Article
  • Open Access
85 Citations
9,774 Views
20 Pages

22 April 2014

The wetland ecosystem in the “Three-River Headwaters” (TRH) region plays an irreplaceable role in water source conservation, run-off adjustment and biodiversity maintenance. In recent years, assessment of wetland resources affected by climate changes...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
7,674 Views
23 Pages

22 April 2014

We study the energy-efficient power allocation techniques for OFDM-based cognitive radio (CR) networks, where a CR transmitter is communicating with CR receivers on a channel borrowed from licensed primary users (PUs). Due to non-orthogonality of the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
25 Citations
8,527 Views
15 Pages

22 April 2014

The realistic three dimensional (3D) microstructure of lithium ion battery (LIB) electrode plays a key role in studying the effects of inhomogeneous microstructures on the performance of LIBs. However, the complexity of realistic microstructures impo...

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Energies - ISSN 1996-1073