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Volume 32
Issue 3
10.3390/pathophysiology32030044
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Review

Deciphering the Tenascin-C Nexus: A Comprehensive Review of Its Involvement in Chronic Respiratory Diseases

by
Juan Manuel Velázquez-Enríquez
1,2,*,
Jovito Cesar Santos-Álvarez
2,
Karina González-García
2,
Itayetzi Reyes-Avendaño
2,
Víctor Acevedo-Sánchez
3,
Ariadna Jalife Gómez
4,
Antonio Arcos-Román
5,
Jaime Arellanes-Robledo
6,
Verónica Rocío Vásquez-Garzón
2,7 and
Rafael Baltiérrez-Hoyos
2,7,*
1
Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Alimentación, Licenciatura en Nutrición, Universidad del Istmo, Carretera Transísmica Juchitán, La Ventosa km. 14, La Ventosa 70102, Oaxaca, Mexico
2
Laboratorio de Fibrosis y Cáncer, Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Ex Hacienda de Aguilera S/N, Sur, San Felipe del Agua 68020, Oaxaca, Mexico
3
Instituto de Salud Pública, Universidad Veracruzana (UV), Xalapa 91190, Veracruz, Mexico
4
Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Querétaro, Av. Epigmenio González, No. 500 Fracc. San Pablo, Santiago Querétaro 76130, Querétaro, Mexico
5
Laboratorio de Diagnóstico Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Avenida Solidaridad S/N Hornos Insurgentes, Acapulco 39300, Guerrero, Mexico
6
Laboratorio de Enfermedades Hepáticas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Periférico Sur No. 4809, Col. Arenal Tepepan, Alcaldía Tlalpan, D.F., México City 14610, Mexico
7
SECIHTI-Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Ex Hacienda de Aguilera S/N, Sur, San Felipe del Agua 68020, Oaxaca, Mexico
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Pathophysiology 2025, 32(3), 44; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathophysiology32030044
Submission received: 8 July 2025 / Revised: 3 September 2025 / Accepted: 3 September 2025 / Published: 8 September 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms)
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Abstract

Tenascin-C (TNC) is an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein with key roles in various biological processes, such as embryonic development and tissue regeneration. However, its deregulated expression can contribute to pathological responses, promoting chronic inflammation, fibrosis, or tumor progression. It belongs to the tenascin family, a class of extracellular proteins that interfere with cellular events in both physiological and pathological contexts, interacting specifically with cells and other components of the ECM. TNC has emerged as a key player in the pathogenesis of chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs), including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer (LC), pulmonary hypertension (PH), and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The influence of TNC on cellular responses, which is mediated by precise interactions with cellular receptors and ligands, triggers complex intracellular signaling cascades associated with the inflammatory response, fibrosis, and tumorigenesis in these CRDs. This review synthesizes recent evidence highlighting the multifaceted roles and underlying mechanisms of TNC in the context of these CRDs.
Keywords: chronic pulmonary diseases; pulmonary diseases; lung disease; tenascin-C; extracellular matrix protein; inflammation; fibrosis chronic pulmonary diseases; pulmonary diseases; lung disease; tenascin-C; extracellular matrix protein; inflammation; fibrosis

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MDPI and ACS Style

Velázquez-Enríquez, J.M.; Santos-Álvarez, J.C.; González-García, K.; Reyes-Avendaño, I.; Acevedo-Sánchez, V.; Jalife Gómez, A.; Arcos-Román, A.; Arellanes-Robledo, J.; Vásquez-Garzón, V.R.; Baltiérrez-Hoyos, R. Deciphering the Tenascin-C Nexus: A Comprehensive Review of Its Involvement in Chronic Respiratory Diseases. Pathophysiology 2025, 32, 44. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathophysiology32030044

AMA Style

Velázquez-Enríquez JM, Santos-Álvarez JC, González-García K, Reyes-Avendaño I, Acevedo-Sánchez V, Jalife Gómez A, Arcos-Román A, Arellanes-Robledo J, Vásquez-Garzón VR, Baltiérrez-Hoyos R. Deciphering the Tenascin-C Nexus: A Comprehensive Review of Its Involvement in Chronic Respiratory Diseases. Pathophysiology. 2025; 32(3):44. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathophysiology32030044

Chicago/Turabian Style

Velázquez-Enríquez, Juan Manuel, Jovito Cesar Santos-Álvarez, Karina González-García, Itayetzi Reyes-Avendaño, Víctor Acevedo-Sánchez, Ariadna Jalife Gómez, Antonio Arcos-Román, Jaime Arellanes-Robledo, Verónica Rocío Vásquez-Garzón, and Rafael Baltiérrez-Hoyos. 2025. "Deciphering the Tenascin-C Nexus: A Comprehensive Review of Its Involvement in Chronic Respiratory Diseases" Pathophysiology 32, no. 3: 44. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathophysiology32030044

APA Style

Velázquez-Enríquez, J. M., Santos-Álvarez, J. C., González-García, K., Reyes-Avendaño, I., Acevedo-Sánchez, V., Jalife Gómez, A., Arcos-Román, A., Arellanes-Robledo, J., Vásquez-Garzón, V. R., & Baltiérrez-Hoyos, R. (2025). Deciphering the Tenascin-C Nexus: A Comprehensive Review of Its Involvement in Chronic Respiratory Diseases. Pathophysiology, 32(3), 44. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathophysiology32030044

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