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Article

Energy Consumption Structure and Influencing Factors of Farmers in China from the Perspective of Labor Transfer

by
Jiaojiao Wu
1,2,3,
Chen Qing
4,
Wenfeng Zhou
4,
Shili Guo
5,* and
Dingde Xu
4,6,*
1
Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
2
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
3
UNEP-International Ecosystem Management Partnership (UNEP-IEMP), Beijing 100101, China
4
College of Management, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
5
College of Economics, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu 610074, China
6
Sichuan Center for Rural Development Research, Chengdu 611130, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(2), 1430; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021430
Submission received: 29 December 2022 / Revised: 9 January 2023 / Accepted: 10 January 2023 / Published: 12 January 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Livelihoods Resilience and Sustainable Rural Development)
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Abstract

Under the background of carbon peak and carbon neutralization, the transformation and upgrading of energy consumption structure is crucial to achieve sustainable environmental development. Based on the questionnaire data of 1080 farmers in Sichuan province in 2021, the IV-Probit model was used to explore the impact of labor from off-farm employment on farmers’ energy consumption structure and its specific mechanism. The results show the following: (1) the overall proportion of off-farm employment is not high, only 23%; in cooking energy, the most farmers use high-quality energy, accounting for up to 94%; (2) in addition to high-quality energy, off-farm employment of labor force is positively and significantly correlated with the remaining six types of energy consumption structure. The results of a heterogeneity analysis show that the proportion of off-farm employment of farmers with a high education level and above has the greatest positive effect on the use of high-quality energy; (3) the results of the mediating effect show that the off-farm employment can affect the energy consumption structure of farmers through the two paths of annual cash income and population structure.
Keywords: off-farm employment; energy structure; the countryside; China off-farm employment; energy structure; the countryside; China

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MDPI and ACS Style

Wu, J.; Qing, C.; Zhou, W.; Guo, S.; Xu, D. Energy Consumption Structure and Influencing Factors of Farmers in China from the Perspective of Labor Transfer. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 1430. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021430

AMA Style

Wu J, Qing C, Zhou W, Guo S, Xu D. Energy Consumption Structure and Influencing Factors of Farmers in China from the Perspective of Labor Transfer. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(2):1430. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021430

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wu, Jiaojiao, Chen Qing, Wenfeng Zhou, Shili Guo, and Dingde Xu. 2023. "Energy Consumption Structure and Influencing Factors of Farmers in China from the Perspective of Labor Transfer" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 2: 1430. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021430

APA Style

Wu, J., Qing, C., Zhou, W., Guo, S., & Xu, D. (2023). Energy Consumption Structure and Influencing Factors of Farmers in China from the Perspective of Labor Transfer. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(2), 1430. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021430

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