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Article

Item Reduction, Psychometric and Biometric Properties of the Italian Version of the Body Perception Questionnaire—Short Form (BPQ-SF): The BPQ-22

by
Andrea Poli
1,2,3,4,*,
Angelo Giovanni Icro Maremmani
5,6,7,
Carlo Chiorri
8,
Gian-Paolo Mazzoni
4,
Graziella Orrù
1,
Jacek Kolacz
9,
Stephen W. Porges
9,10,
Ciro Conversano
1,
Angelo Gemignani
1 and
Mario Miccoli
2
1
Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
2
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
3
Verdi Clinical Center, 59100 Prato, Italy
4
Florence Cognitive School, 50144 Florence, Italy
5
Department of Psychiatry, North-Western Tuscany Region NHS Local Health Unit, Versilia Zone, 55049 Viareggio, Italy
6
Association for the Application of Neuroscientific Knowledge to Social Aims (AU-CNS), 55045 Pietrasanta, Italy
7
G. De Lisio Institute of Behavioral Sciences, 56100 Pisa, Italy
8
Department of Educational Sciences, University of Genova, 16121 Genova, Italy
9
Traumatic Stress Research Consortium at the Kinsey Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
10
Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(7), 3835; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073835
Submission received: 18 February 2021 / Revised: 29 March 2021 / Accepted: 30 March 2021 / Published: 6 April 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychometric and Biometric Tools in Human Health and Disease)
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Abstract

Body awareness disorders and reactivity are mentioned across a range of clinical problems. Constitutional differences in the control of the bodily state are thought to generate a vulnerability to psychological symptoms. Autonomic nervous system dysfunctions have been associated with anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress. Though interoception may be a transdiagnostic mechanism promoting the improvement of clinical symptomatology, few psychometrically sound, symptom-independent, self-report measures, informed by brain–body circuits, are available for research and clinical use. We validated the Italian version of the body perception questionnaire (BPQ)—short form and found that response categories could be collapsed from five to three and that the questionnaire retained a three-factor structure with items reduced from 46 to 22 (BPQ-22). The first factor was loaded by body awareness items; the second factor comprised some items from the body awareness scale and some from the subdiaphragmatic reactivity scale (but all related to bloating and digestive issues), and the third factor by supradiaphragmatic reactivity items. The BPQ-22 had sound psychometric properties, good convergent and discriminant validity and test–retest reliability and could be used in clinical and research settings in which the body perception assessment is of interest. Psychometric findings in light of the polyvagal theory are discussed.
Keywords: body perception; body; interoception; polyvagal theory; psychological trauma; vagus nerve body perception; body; interoception; polyvagal theory; psychological trauma; vagus nerve

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MDPI and ACS Style

Poli, A.; Maremmani, A.G.I.; Chiorri, C.; Mazzoni, G.-P.; Orrù, G.; Kolacz, J.; Porges, S.W.; Conversano, C.; Gemignani, A.; Miccoli, M. Item Reduction, Psychometric and Biometric Properties of the Italian Version of the Body Perception Questionnaire—Short Form (BPQ-SF): The BPQ-22. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 3835. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073835

AMA Style

Poli A, Maremmani AGI, Chiorri C, Mazzoni G-P, Orrù G, Kolacz J, Porges SW, Conversano C, Gemignani A, Miccoli M. Item Reduction, Psychometric and Biometric Properties of the Italian Version of the Body Perception Questionnaire—Short Form (BPQ-SF): The BPQ-22. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(7):3835. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073835

Chicago/Turabian Style

Poli, Andrea, Angelo Giovanni Icro Maremmani, Carlo Chiorri, Gian-Paolo Mazzoni, Graziella Orrù, Jacek Kolacz, Stephen W. Porges, Ciro Conversano, Angelo Gemignani, and Mario Miccoli. 2021. "Item Reduction, Psychometric and Biometric Properties of the Italian Version of the Body Perception Questionnaire—Short Form (BPQ-SF): The BPQ-22" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 7: 3835. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073835

APA Style

Poli, A., Maremmani, A. G. I., Chiorri, C., Mazzoni, G.-P., Orrù, G., Kolacz, J., Porges, S. W., Conversano, C., Gemignani, A., & Miccoli, M. (2021). Item Reduction, Psychometric and Biometric Properties of the Italian Version of the Body Perception Questionnaire—Short Form (BPQ-SF): The BPQ-22. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(7), 3835. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073835

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