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Volume 17
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10.3390/ijerph17145224
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Review

Effect of Supplements on Endurance Exercise in the Older Population: Systematic Review

by
Alejandro Martínez-Rodríguez
1,2,
Bernardo J. Cuestas-Calero
3,
María Hernández-García
4,
María Martíez-Olcina
4,
Manuel Vicente-Martínez
5 and
Jacobo Á. Rubio-Arias
6,*
1
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain
2
Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL Foundation), 03010 Alicante, Spain
3
Faculty of Sport, San Antonio Catholic University of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
4
Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Alicante; 03690 Alicante, Spain
5
Faculty of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University, 47012 Valladolid, Spain
6
LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(14), 5224; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145224
Submission received: 19 June 2020 / Revised: 13 July 2020 / Accepted: 14 July 2020 / Published: 20 July 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Community Nutrition and Physical Exercise)
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Abstract

Background: Ageing is associated with changes of physical and physiological parameters, but there is evidence that regular physical activity could minimize these effects. Additionally, the older population presents a great risk of suboptimal nutrition. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to review the evidence of nutritional strategies and endurance exercises in the older population. Methods: A systematic review was performed based on the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement. The search was carried out in three different databases: PubMed, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus. Results: Eight studies were included in the present review. The use of caffeine and beta-alanine supplementation with proteins have been found to be beneficial in both sexes. In older women, a balanced diet, an increase in protein, supplementation with beta hydroxy methyl butyrate, and supplementation with sodium bicarbonate have been favorable. However, no benefit has been seen in older men with sodium bicarbonate or ubiquinone supplementation. Nevertheless, the use of supplements should be prescribed according to individual characteristics and physical activity. Conclusions: Caffeine and high protein supplement with beta-alanine may provide positive effects in the older population. In addition, in older women, bicarbonate supplementation and beta-hydroxyethyl butyrate (HMB), lysine, and arginine supplementation have shown positive effects on exercise performance.
Keywords: diet; nutritional supplements; physical activity; older adults diet; nutritional supplements; physical activity; older adults

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MDPI and ACS Style

Martínez-Rodríguez, A.; Cuestas-Calero, B.J.; Hernández-García, M.; Martíez-Olcina, M.; Vicente-Martínez, M.; Rubio-Arias, J.Á. Effect of Supplements on Endurance Exercise in the Older Population: Systematic Review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 5224. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145224

AMA Style

Martínez-Rodríguez A, Cuestas-Calero BJ, Hernández-García M, Martíez-Olcina M, Vicente-Martínez M, Rubio-Arias JÁ. Effect of Supplements on Endurance Exercise in the Older Population: Systematic Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(14):5224. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145224

Chicago/Turabian Style

Martínez-Rodríguez, Alejandro, Bernardo J. Cuestas-Calero, María Hernández-García, María Martíez-Olcina, Manuel Vicente-Martínez, and Jacobo Á. Rubio-Arias. 2020. "Effect of Supplements on Endurance Exercise in the Older Population: Systematic Review" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 14: 5224. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145224

APA Style

Martínez-Rodríguez, A., Cuestas-Calero, B. J., Hernández-García, M., Martíez-Olcina, M., Vicente-Martínez, M., & Rubio-Arias, J. Á. (2020). Effect of Supplements on Endurance Exercise in the Older Population: Systematic Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(14), 5224. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145224

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