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IJERPH
Volume 16
Issue 21
10.3390/ijerph16214179
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Article

Interaction Among Influenza Viruses A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and B in Japan

by
Ayako Suzuki
1,2,
Kenji Mizumoto
3,
Andrei R. Akhmetzhanov
1,2 and
Hiroshi Nishiura
1,2,*
1
Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15-Jo Nishi 7-Chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo-shi, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
2
CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Honcho 4-1-8, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
3
Graduate School of Advanced Integrated Studies in Human Survivability, Kyoto University Yoshida-Nakaadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8306, Japan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16(21), 4179; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16214179
Received: 3 October 2019 / Revised: 22 October 2019 / Accepted: 22 October 2019 / Published: 29 October 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Influenza Viruses: Epidemiology, Evolution and Public Health Impact)
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Abstract

Seasonal influenza epidemics occur each winter season in temperate zones, involving up to 650,000 deaths each year globally. A published study demonstrated that the circulation of one influenza virus type during early influenza season in the United States interferes with the activity of other influenza virus types. However, this finding has yet to be validated in other settings. In the present work, we investigated the interaction among seasonal influenza viruses (A/H1N1, A/H3N2 and B) in Japan. Sentinel and virus surveillance data were used to estimate the type-specific incidence from 2010 to 2019, and statistical correlations among the type-specific incidence were investigated. We identified significant negative correlations between incidence of the dominant virus and the complementary incidence. When correlation was identified during the course of an epidemic, a linear regression model accurately predicted the epidemic size of a particular virus type before the epidemic peak. The peak of influenza type B took place later in the season than that of influenza A, although the epidemic peaks of influenza A/H1N1 and A/H3N2 nearly coincided. Given the interaction among different influenza viruses, underlying mechanisms including age and spatial dependence should be explored in future. View Full-Text
Keywords: influenza; viral interference; epidemics; statistical model; epidemiology influenza; viral interference; epidemics; statistical model; epidemiology
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MDPI and ACS Style

Suzuki, A.; Mizumoto, K.; Akhmetzhanov, A.R.; Nishiura, H. Interaction Among Influenza Viruses A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and B in Japan. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 4179. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16214179

AMA Style

Suzuki A, Mizumoto K, Akhmetzhanov AR, Nishiura H. Interaction Among Influenza Viruses A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and B in Japan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(21):4179. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16214179

Chicago/Turabian Style

Suzuki, Ayako, Kenji Mizumoto, Andrei R. Akhmetzhanov, and Hiroshi Nishiura. 2019. "Interaction Among Influenza Viruses A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and B in Japan" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 21: 4179. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16214179

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