Fine Particulate Air Pollution and Hospital Admissions for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Case-Crossover Study in Taipei
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Taipei City
2.2. Hospital Admission Data
2.3. PM2.5 and Meteorological Data
2.4. Statistics
3. Results and Discussion
Variable a | Min | Percentile | Max | Mean | Days | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
25% | 50% | 75% | |||||
PM10 (ug/m3) | 14.26 | 34.89 | 46.83 | 62.37 | 888.02 | 51.71 | 1,826 |
PM2.5 (ug/m3) | 8.35 | 19.46 | 27.06 | 36.92 | 140.54 | 29.99 | 1,826 |
SO2 (ppb) | 1.00 | 2.73 | 3.65 | 4.91 | 11.14 | 3.94 | 1,826 |
NO2 (ppb) | 3.22 | 19.97 | 23.86 | 28.81 | 55.59 | 24.67 | 1,826 |
CO (ppm) | 0.13 | 0.50 | 0.63 | 0.80 | 1.76 | 0.68 | 1,826 |
O3 (ppb) | 4.00 | 17.95 | 23.95 | 30.23 | 70.89 | 24.65 | 1,826 |
Temperature(°C) | 9.35 | 19.50 | 24.11 | 28.42 | 33.18 | 23.69 | 1,826 |
Humidity (%) | 31.37 | 66.54 | 73.11 | 79.57 | 94.19 | 72.82 | 1,826 |
COPD admissions | 0 | 9 | 12 | 15 | 30 | 12.28 | 1,826 |
Variable | PM10 | PM2.5 | SO2 | NO2 | CO | O3 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PM10 | 1.0 | 0.78 | 0.43 | 0.35 | 0.35 | 0.26 |
PM2.5 | – | 1.0 | 0.61 | 0.54 | 0.54 | 0.31 |
SO2 | – | – | 1.0 | 0.52 | 0.50 | 0.06 |
NO2 | – | – | – | 1.0 | 0.89 | −0.07 |
CO | – | – | – | – | 1.0 | −0.23 |
O3 | – | – | – | – | – | 1.0 |
Temperature | PM2.5 OR (95% CI) a | |
---|---|---|
≥23 °C (1,021 days) | Without adjustment b | 1.12 (1.08–1.16) |
Adjusted for SO2 | 1.14 (1.09–1.19) | |
Adjusted for NO2 | 1.02 (0.97–1.07) | |
Adjusted for CO | 1.01 (0.96–1.05) | |
Adjusted for O3 | 1.12 (1.08–1.17) | |
<23 °C (805 days) | Without adjustment b | 1.03 (1.00–1.07) |
Adjusted for SO2 | 1.12 (1.07–1.17) | |
Adjusted for NO2 | 0.97 (0.94–1.01) | |
Adjusted for CO | 1.02 (0.98–1.06) | |
Adjusted for O3 | 1.04 (1.01–1.08) |
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Tsai, S.-S.; Chang, C.-C.; Yang, C.-Y. Fine Particulate Air Pollution and Hospital Admissions for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Case-Crossover Study in Taipei. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2013, 10, 6015-6026. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph10116015
Tsai S-S, Chang C-C, Yang C-Y. Fine Particulate Air Pollution and Hospital Admissions for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Case-Crossover Study in Taipei. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2013; 10(11):6015-6026. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph10116015
Chicago/Turabian StyleTsai, Shang-Shyue, Chih-Ching Chang, and Chun-Yuh Yang. 2013. "Fine Particulate Air Pollution and Hospital Admissions for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Case-Crossover Study in Taipei" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 10, no. 11: 6015-6026. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph10116015