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Marine Drugs
Volume 20
Issue 3
10.3390/md20030198
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Review

Current Trends and New Challenges in Marine Phycotoxins

by
Maria Carmen Louzao
1,*,
Natalia Vilariño
1,
Carmen Vale
1,
Celia Costas
1,
Alejandro Cao
1,
Sandra Raposo-Garcia
1,
Mercedes R. Vieytes
2 and
Luis M. Botana
1,*
1
Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
2
Departamento de Fisiologia, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Mar. Drugs 2022, 20(3), 198; https://doi.org/10.3390/md20030198
Submission received: 28 January 2022 / Revised: 4 March 2022 / Accepted: 5 March 2022 / Published: 8 March 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Phycotoxins)
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Abstract

Marine phycotoxins are a multiplicity of bioactive compounds which are produced by microalgae and bioaccumulate in the marine food web. Phycotoxins affect the ecosystem, pose a threat to human health, and have important economic effects on aquaculture and tourism worldwide. However, human health and food safety have been the primary concerns when considering the impacts of phycotoxins. Phycotoxins toxicity information, often used to set regulatory limits for these toxins in shellfish, lacks traceability of toxicity values highlighting the need for predefined toxicological criteria. Toxicity data together with adequate detection methods for monitoring procedures are crucial to protect human health. However, despite technological advances, there are still methodological uncertainties and high demand for universal phycotoxin detectors. This review focuses on these topics, including uncertainties of climate change, providing an overview of the current information as well as future perspectives.
Keywords: phycotoxin; mechanism of action; toxicity; therapeutic application; detection methods phycotoxin; mechanism of action; toxicity; therapeutic application; detection methods

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MDPI and ACS Style

Louzao, M.C.; Vilariño, N.; Vale, C.; Costas, C.; Cao, A.; Raposo-Garcia, S.; Vieytes, M.R.; Botana, L.M. Current Trends and New Challenges in Marine Phycotoxins. Mar. Drugs 2022, 20, 198. https://doi.org/10.3390/md20030198

AMA Style

Louzao MC, Vilariño N, Vale C, Costas C, Cao A, Raposo-Garcia S, Vieytes MR, Botana LM. Current Trends and New Challenges in Marine Phycotoxins. Marine Drugs. 2022; 20(3):198. https://doi.org/10.3390/md20030198

Chicago/Turabian Style

Louzao, Maria Carmen, Natalia Vilariño, Carmen Vale, Celia Costas, Alejandro Cao, Sandra Raposo-Garcia, Mercedes R. Vieytes, and Luis M. Botana. 2022. "Current Trends and New Challenges in Marine Phycotoxins" Marine Drugs 20, no. 3: 198. https://doi.org/10.3390/md20030198

APA Style

Louzao, M. C., Vilariño, N., Vale, C., Costas, C., Cao, A., Raposo-Garcia, S., Vieytes, M. R., & Botana, L. M. (2022). Current Trends and New Challenges in Marine Phycotoxins. Marine Drugs, 20(3), 198. https://doi.org/10.3390/md20030198

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