Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, Volume 21, Issue 1

Background: The regular practice of physical activity is considered a health promoter and appears to be one of the main contributors to the prevention of chronic diseases. However, the potential effects of exercise on health depending on the time of...

Background: While body image dissatisfaction (BID) and eating disorders (EDs) are relatively common in athletes (ranging from 11% to 67% of athletes, depending on the sport) [1], they are also prevalent in weight-class restricted sports (a common for...

Background: Rhodiola rosea extract is purported to improve physical performance and support resilience to stress. Salidroside is considered to be one of the main constituents responsible for the ergogenic actions of R. rosea. However, R. rosea extrac...

Background: Sports practice, particularly eccentric exercises, induces significant muscular changes, including muscle fiber injuries, strength loss, pain, and increased permeability of the muscle membrane. The duration of muscle recovery depends on f...

Objective: Weight reduction is a common practice among female weightlifters before competitions to qualify for specific weight classes. However, this process can adversely affect their physical performance and health. This study aimed to investigate...

There is growing interest in the potential of alternative modes of caffeine administration for enhancing sports performance. Given that alternative modes may evoke improved physical performance via distinct mechanisms, effects may not be comparable a...

Background This study aimed to investigate the impact of Urolithin A (UA) on muscle endurance, muscle strength, inflammatory levels, oxidative stress, and protein metabolism status in resistance-trained male athletes. Method An 8-week randomized, dou...

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been shown to improve chronic diseases. Probiotics have been found to have similar effects. However, the additive effects of HIIT in combination with probiotics supplementation are unclear. The aim of curre...

Rationale: Firefighters are at risk for cardiovascular disease due to occupational-related inflammation, oxidative stress, and lifestyle practices. Astaxanthin (AX) possesses anti-inflammatory/antioxidant and purported ergogenic properties. This stud...

Background: Scuba diving is an increasingly popular activity that involves the use of specialized equipment and compressed air to breathe underwater. Scuba divers are subject to the physiological consequences of being immersed in a high-pressure envi...

Background: This study was conducted to investigate the nutritional knowledge of elite athletes undergoing weight loss and to identify differences in weight-loss strategies according to nutritional knowledge. Methods: The participants included 22 coa...

Purpose: The effects of coffee ingestion on skeletal muscle microvascular function are not well understood. This study aimed to investigate the acute effects of coffee intake with varying levels of caffeine on skeletal muscle microvascular reactivity...

Background: This study aimed to examine the effect of a commercially available multi-ingredient powder (AG1^Ⓡ) on the gut microbiome and assess the impact of AG1^Ⓡ on GI tolerability and other clinical safety markers in healthy men and women. Methods:...

Background: Vitamin D is associated with vascular function; however, the impact of different vitamin D levels on vascular elasticity following prolonged exercise remains uncertain. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the associatio...

Background: Green tea (GT) is a common component of supplements known as fat burners. It has gained popularity as an ergogenic aid for weight reduction to assist with obesity management. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to explore the eff...

Introduction: Rugby league is a physically demanding sport that necessitates considerable nutritional intake, focusing on quality and type, in order to optimize training and competition demands. However, rugby league athletes are reported to have ina...

Purpose: Han et al. (J Int Soc Sports Nutr 16:55, 2019) sought to quantify the effects of vitamin D supplementation on strength out-comes among athletes in a meta-analysis. The authors reported a pooled effect size (standardized mean difference; SMD)...

Background: An increasing number of people, including recreational trained individuals, choose not to consume animal products and follow a vegan diet. Young women in particular are switching to a vegan diet. Studies have shown no differe...

Background: Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is highly prevalent in athletes. The objective of this study was to assess the therapeutic efficacy of daily tangeretin combined with whey protein supplementation over a period of 4 weeks in prof...

Background: This study investigated the effects of caffeinated chewing gum on fatigue index and 400-meter performance in trained sprinters. Methods: Nineteen participants (age: 20.9 ± 1.0 years; height: 175.6 ± 4.9 cm; mass: 66.5 ± 5.6 kg; training a...

Background: Prolonged exercise usually leads to exercise fatigue, which has a negative short-term impact on exercise performance and metabolic rate; thus, fatigue needs to be resolved. Okara is a protein-rich residue of soy processing. Enzyme hydroly...

Background: The aim of this research is to explore the interrelationships between different psychological issues and the potential role of eating behavior and physical activity among nursing students. Methods: Undergraduate nursing students (n = 892)...

Background: There is growing interest in the use of nutrition and dietary supplements to optimize training and time-trial (TT) performance in cyclists. Separately, quercetin (QCT) and citrulline (CIT) have been used as ergogenic aids to improve oxyge...

Background: Despite the robust evidence demonstrating positive effects from creatine supplementation (primarily when associated with resistance training) on measures of body composition, there is a lack of a comprehensive evaluation regarding the inf...

Background: In the realm of sports science, nutrition is a wellestablished pillar for athletes’ training, performance, and postworkout recovery. However, the role of gut microbiota, often overlooked, is a novel and intriguing aspect that can signific...

Background: Gym-goers usually seek methods to improve performance, muscle gain, and overall health. One of the main strategies is including food supplements (FS) into their routine as aids to enhance their athletic capabilities and satisfy their nutr...

Background: Fatigue and gastrointestinal (GI) distress are common among athletes with an estimated 30–90% of athletes participating in marathons, triathlons, or similar events experiencing GI complaints. Intense exercise can lead to increased intesti...

The importance of nutrition in optimizing the health and performance of professional soccer players has been well established. Despite published practical recommendations for the dietary requirements for professional soccer players, many players fail...

Objective: The aim of this study was to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the rehydration efficacy of QSBYD and elucidate its potential underlying mechanism. Design: 38 participants were randomly assigned to receive either QSBYD or placebo before...

Background: As a relatively novel approach to enhancing skeletal muscle health, mixed protein supplementation has shown similar responses to whey protein. However, no previous studies have examined its impact on golf swing performance. This study aim...

Background: Obesity presents multifarious etiopathologies with its management being a global challenge. This article presents the first ever report on the impact of spinach thylakoid extract-induced high-intensity functional training (HIFT) on obesit...

Background: Caffeine is one of the most popular ergogenic aids consumed by athletes. Caffeine’s ergogenic effect has been generally explained by its ability to bind to adenosine receptors, thus modulating pain and reducing perceived exertion. Another...

Background: Caffeine, widely recognized as an ergogenic aid, has undergone extensive research, demonstrating its effectiveness to enhance endurance performance. However, there remains a significant gap in systematically evaluating its effects on time...

Background: Sports nutrition is an impactful component to sports performance. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the sports nutrition knowledge of National Collegiate Athletic Association collegiate athletes and assess self-reported...

Background: The purpose of the review was to evaluate the literature exploring nutritional habits and practices in female soccer players. Methods: The PRISMA-ScR Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta- Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews were follo...

Position statement: The International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) provides an objective and critical review of the use of a ketogenic diet in healthy exercising adults, with a focus on exercise performance and body composition. However, this r...

Background: Despite the high risk of eating disorder (ED)-related attitudes and behaviors among female dancers, targeted scientific dietary regimens are currently inadequate. Time-restricted eating (TRE), a popular intermittent fasting protocol, has...

Background: Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-psychoactive phytocannabinoid derived from the Cannabis sativa plant. CBD exhibits various interactions at receptor sites, prompting the research of its potential anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, psychologic...

Background: Beetroot juice (BRJ) intake has been considered a practical nutritional strategy among well-trained athletes. This study aimed to assess the effects of BRJ intake on performance, cardiorespiratory and metabolic variables during a simulate...

Background: Physique athletes are subjectively judged on their on-stage esthetic per their competition division criteria. To succeed, competitors look to acutely enhance their appearance by manipulating nutritional variables in the days leading up to...

Background: Military special operators, elite athletes, and others requiring uninterrupted optimal performance currently lack options for sleep and mood support without performance-inhibiting effects. Kavalactones, derived from the root of the kava p...

An emerging sector of the nootropic market is tea-based nutraceutical products, but there are limited data assessing the dose-dependent effects of these products. Purpose: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial in...

Background: A commercial three-dimensional optical (3DO) scanning system was reported to be used in body composition assessment. However, the applicability in Chinese adults has yet to be well-studied. Methods: This secondary analysis was based on a...

Caffeine is a popular ergogenic aid that has a plethora of evidence highlighting its positive effects. A Google Scholar search using the keywords “caffeine” and “exercise” yields over 200,000 results, emphasizing the extensive research on this topic....

Background: This study investigated the acute effects of various doses of nitrate-rich beetroot juice on the responses to highintensity interval exercise in women. Methods: A double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial was conduct...

Purpose: Garlic extract (GA) is purported to enhance antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity and glucose regulation in humans. The present study investigated the effects of post-exercise GA supplementation on GLUT4 expression, glycogen replenishme...

Background: Rapid regeneration after intense exercise is essential for competitive athletes. Based on this assumption, supplementation strategies, focusing on food supplements, are increasing to improve the recovery processes. One such supplement is...

Athletes require proper nutrition to enhance training and performance. Studies indicate that alternative sources of caffeine, such as caffeinated chewing gum, mouth rinses, energy gels, and coffee can improve performance. Therefore, this study invest...

Background Growing evidence supports the ergogenic effects of creatine supplementation on muscle power/strength, but its effects on endurance performance remain unclear. We assessed the effects of high-dose short-term creatine supplementation in prof...

Protein supplementation often refers to increasing the intake of this particular macronutrient through dietary supplements in the form of powders, ready-to-drink shakes, and bars. The primary purpose of protein supplementation is to augment dietary p...