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Volume 25
Issue 10
10.3390/s25103018
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Review

Recent Advancement in Fluorescent Probes for Peroxynitrite (ONOO−)

by
Hai-Hao Han
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,†,
Pan-Xin Ge
5,8,†,
Wen-Jia Li
5,6,7,
Xi-Le Hu
1,2,3,4 and
Xiao-Peng He
1,2,3,4,9,*
1
Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd., Shanghai 200237, China
2
Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd., Shanghai 200237, China
3
Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd., Shanghai 200237, China
4
Frontiers Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd., Shanghai 200237, China
5
Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai 264117, China
6
Molecular Imaging Center, National Center for Drug Screening, Stake Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
7
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
8
School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, China
9
The International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, National Center for Liver Cancer, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Sensors 2025, 25(10), 3018; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25103018 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 27 March 2025 / Revised: 27 April 2025 / Accepted: 7 May 2025 / Published: 10 May 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fluorescence Sensors for Biological and Medical Applications)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Peroxynitrite (ONOO−) is a reactive nitrogen species (RNS) that plays pivotal roles in various physiological and pathological processes. The recent literature has seen significant progress in the development of highly sensitive and selective fluorescent probes applicable for monitoring ONOO− dynamics in live cells and a variety of animal models of human diseases. However, the clinical applications of those probes remain much less explored. This review delves into the biological roles of ONOO− and summarizes the design strategies, sensing mechanisms, and bioimaging applications of near-infrared (NIR), long-wavelength, two-photon, and ratiometric fluorescent probes modified with a diverse range of functional groups responsive to ONOO−. Furthermore, we will discuss the remaining problems that prevent the currently developed ONOO− probes from translating into clinical practice.
Keywords: peroxynitrite (ONOO−); fluorescent probes; bioimaging; in vivo; disease diagnosis and treatment peroxynitrite (ONOO−); fluorescent probes; bioimaging; in vivo; disease diagnosis and treatment

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Han, H.-H.; Ge, P.-X.; Li, W.-J.; Hu, X.-L.; He, X.-P. Recent Advancement in Fluorescent Probes for Peroxynitrite (ONOO−). Sensors 2025, 25, 3018. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25103018

AMA Style

Han H-H, Ge P-X, Li W-J, Hu X-L, He X-P. Recent Advancement in Fluorescent Probes for Peroxynitrite (ONOO−). Sensors. 2025; 25(10):3018. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25103018

Chicago/Turabian Style

Han, Hai-Hao, Pan-Xin Ge, Wen-Jia Li, Xi-Le Hu, and Xiao-Peng He. 2025. "Recent Advancement in Fluorescent Probes for Peroxynitrite (ONOO−)" Sensors 25, no. 10: 3018. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25103018

APA Style

Han, H.-H., Ge, P.-X., Li, W.-J., Hu, X.-L., & He, X.-P. (2025). Recent Advancement in Fluorescent Probes for Peroxynitrite (ONOO−). Sensors, 25(10), 3018. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25103018

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