Detection of Pathologic Heart Murmurs Using a Piezoelectric Sensor

Takahashi, Kiichi; Ono, Kyoichi; Arai, Hirokazu; Adachi, Hiroyuki; Ito, Masato; Kato, Akie; Takahashi, Tsutomu

doi:10.3390/s21041376

Open AccessCommunication

Detection of Pathologic Heart Murmurs Using a Piezoelectric Sensor

by

Kiichi Takahashi

¹

,

Kyoichi Ono

^2,*,

Hirokazu Arai

³,

Hiroyuki Adachi

¹,

Masato Ito

¹,

Akie Kato

¹ and

Tsutomu Takahashi

¹

Department of Pediatrics, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1, Hondo, Akita 010-8543, Japan

²

Department of Cell Physiology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1, Hondo, Akita 010-8543, Japan

³

Department of Neonatology, Akita Red Cross Hospital, 222-1 Nawashirosawa Saruta Kamikitade, Akita 010-1495, Japan

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Sensors 2021, 21(4), 1376; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21041376

Submission received: 8 December 2020 / Revised: 3 February 2021 / Accepted: 12 February 2021 / Published: 16 February 2021

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological, Liquid and Gas Sensors Based on Piezoelectric Resonators)

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Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the capability of a piezoelectric sensor to detect a heart murmur in patients with congenital heart defects. Heart sounds and murmurs were recorded using a piezoelectric sensor and an electronic stethoscope in healthy neonates (n = 9) and in neonates with systolic murmurs caused by congenital heart defects (n = 9) who were born at a hospital. Signal data were digitally filtered by high-pass filtering, and the envelope of the processed signals was calculated. The amplitudes of systolic murmurs were evaluated using the signal-to-noise ratio and compared between healthy neonates and those with congenital heart defects. In addition, the correlation between the amplitudes of systolic murmurs recorded by the piezoelectric sensor and electronic stethoscope was determined. The amplitudes of systolic murmurs detected by the piezoelectric sensor were significantly higher in neonates with congenital heart defects than in healthy neonates (p < 0.01). Systolic murmurs recorded by the piezoelectric sensor had a strong correlation with those recorded by the electronic stethoscope (ρ = 0.899 and p < 0.01, respectively). The piezoelectric sensor can detect heart murmurs objectively. Mechanical improvement and automatic analysis algorithms are expected to improve recording in the future.

Keywords: cardiac murmur; congenital heart defects; heart sound; noninvasive; piezoelectric sensor

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MDPI and ACS Style

Takahashi, K.; Ono, K.; Arai, H.; Adachi, H.; Ito, M.; Kato, A.; Takahashi, T. Detection of Pathologic Heart Murmurs Using a Piezoelectric Sensor. Sensors 2021, 21, 1376. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21041376

AMA Style

Takahashi K, Ono K, Arai H, Adachi H, Ito M, Kato A, Takahashi T. Detection of Pathologic Heart Murmurs Using a Piezoelectric Sensor. Sensors. 2021; 21(4):1376. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21041376

Chicago/Turabian Style

Takahashi, Kiichi, Kyoichi Ono, Hirokazu Arai, Hiroyuki Adachi, Masato Ito, Akie Kato, and Tsutomu Takahashi. 2021. "Detection of Pathologic Heart Murmurs Using a Piezoelectric Sensor" Sensors 21, no. 4: 1376. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21041376

APA Style

Takahashi, K., Ono, K., Arai, H., Adachi, H., Ito, M., Kato, A., & Takahashi, T. (2021). Detection of Pathologic Heart Murmurs Using a Piezoelectric Sensor. Sensors, 21(4), 1376. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21041376

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Detection of Pathologic Heart Murmurs Using a Piezoelectric Sensor

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