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Sensors
Volume 14
Issue 7
10.3390/s140713046
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Article

Reduction of the Dimensionality of the EEG Channels during Scoliosis Correction Surgeries Using a Wavelet Decomposition Technique

by
Mahmoud I. Al-Kadi
1,2,*,
Mamun Bin Ibne Reaz
1,
Mohd Alauddin Mohd Ali
1 and
Chian Yong Liu
3
1
Department of Electrical, Electronic & Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor 43600, Malaysia
2
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Al-Khwarizmi College of Engineering, Baghdad University, Baghdad 47146, Iraq
3
Department of Anaesthesiology & Intensive Care, UKM Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sensors 2014, 14(7), 13046-13069; https://doi.org/10.3390/s140713046
Received: 20 March 2014 / Revised: 23 June 2014 / Accepted: 4 July 2014 / Published: 21 July 2014
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomedical Sensors and Systems)
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Abstract

This paper presents a comparison between the electroencephalogram (EEG) channels during scoliosis correction surgeries. Surgeons use many hand tools and electronic devices that directly affect the EEG channels. These noises do not affect the EEG channels uniformly. This research provides a complete system to find the least affected channel by the noise. The presented system consists of five stages: filtering, wavelet decomposing (Level 4), processing the signal bands using four different criteria (mean, energy, entropy and standard deviation), finding the useful channel according to the criteria’s value and, finally, generating a combinational signal from Channels 1 and 2. Experimentally, two channels of EEG data were recorded from six patients who underwent scoliosis correction surgeries in the Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM) (the Medical center of National University of Malaysia). The combinational signal was tested by power spectral density, cross-correlation function and wavelet coherence. The experimental results show that the system-outputted EEG signals are neatly switched without any substantial changes in the consistency of EEG components. This paper provides an efficient procedure for analyzing EEG signals in order to avoid averaging the channels that lead to redistribution of the noise on both channels, reducing the dimensionality of the EEG features and preparing the best EEG stream for the classification and monitoring stage. View Full-Text
Keywords: electroencephalogram (EEG) signal; anesthesia; surgeries; channels; signal processing; features; decomposition; criteria electroencephalogram (EEG) signal; anesthesia; surgeries; channels; signal processing; features; decomposition; criteria
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This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License
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MDPI and ACS Style

Al-Kadi, M.I.; Reaz, M.B.I.; Ali, M.A.M.; Liu, C.Y. Reduction of the Dimensionality of the EEG Channels during Scoliosis Correction Surgeries Using a Wavelet Decomposition Technique. Sensors 2014, 14, 13046-13069. https://doi.org/10.3390/s140713046

AMA Style

Al-Kadi MI, Reaz MBI, Ali MAM, Liu CY. Reduction of the Dimensionality of the EEG Channels during Scoliosis Correction Surgeries Using a Wavelet Decomposition Technique. Sensors. 2014; 14(7):13046-13069. https://doi.org/10.3390/s140713046

Chicago/Turabian Style

Al-Kadi, Mahmoud I., Mamun B.I. Reaz, Mohd A.M. Ali, and Chian Y. Liu. 2014. "Reduction of the Dimensionality of the EEG Channels during Scoliosis Correction Surgeries Using a Wavelet Decomposition Technique" Sensors 14, no. 7: 13046-13069. https://doi.org/10.3390/s140713046

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