Abstract
The polymerization of norbornene can occur via ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) or vinyl-addition pathways, each yielding polynorbornene with distinct structures and properties. This study reports on the synthesis and catalytic application of a new class of vanadium(III) and nickel(II) complexes bearing N-heterocyclic carbene ligands, based on the IPr* framework, for the polymerization of norbornene. The vanadium(III) complexes, activated by diethylaluminum chloride and in the presence of ethyl trichloroacetate, showed activity in ROMP. In contrast, the nickel(II) complexes, activated by methylaluminoxane, exhibited catalytic activity toward vinyl-addition polymerization. Characterization by GPC, NMR, and FTIR confirmed the formation of both ring-opening metathesis polymerization and vinyl-type-derived polynorbornenes, with vinyl-type polymers showing significantly higher molecular weights. Structural variations in the N-heterocyclic carbene ligands, particularly the linker length between imidazole donors, were found to strongly influence polymer molecular weight and the morphology of polynorbornenes.