Feline Panleukopenia Virus ZZ202303 Strain: Molecular Characterization and Structural Implications of the VP2 Gene Phylogenetic Divergence
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. PCR-Based Identification of FPV
2.2. Isolation and Identification of FPV
2.3. Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay (IFA) of FPV ZZ202303
2.4. TCID50 Determination of FPV ZZ202303
2.5. Proliferation Kinetics of FPV ZZ202303
2.6. Nucleotide Sequence Similarity Analysis of the FPV ZZ202303-VP2 Gene
2.7. Phylogenetic Analysis of the FPV ZZ202303-VP2 Gene
2.8. Analysis of Amino Acid Mutation Sites of the FPV ZZ202303-VP2 Protein
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Sample Source
4.2. Primer Synthesis
4.3. Primary Reagents
4.4. Sample Treatment
4.5. PCR Identification of FPV
4.6. Isolation and Cultivation of FPV
4.7. Immunoblotting Analysis of FPV
4.8. IFA Identification of FPV
4.9. TCID50 Determination of FPV
4.10. Proliferation Kinetics Analysis of FPV
4.10.1. Establishing a Standard Curve
4.10.2. Collecting Virus Liquid Samples at Different Time Points
4.10.3. Phylogenetic Divergence of FPV
4.11. Statistical Analysis
4.12. Statement of Informed Consent
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Number | Strain |
GenBank
A ccession No. |
Isolation
Location | Isolation Time |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | F2016010 | MH329284.1 | Luoyang, China | 2016 |
2 | F2016015 | MH329285.1 | Luoyang, China | 2016 |
3 | F2016020 | MH329287.1 | Luoyang, China | 2016 |
4 | G7/97 | FJ005196.1 | Bari, Italy | 1997 |
5 | HN-002 | ON322751.1 | Zhengzhou, China | 2020 |
6 | HN-111 | ON322848.1 | Zhengzhou, China | 2020 |
7 | M52 | KC196087.1 | Montevideo, Uruguay | 2006 |
8 | ShangHai/3-1/2016 | KY937639.1 | ShangHai, China | 2016 |
9 | CPV/dog/HCM/22/2013 | LC214970.1 | Tokyo, Japan | 2013 |
10 | CPV-LZ2 | JQ268284.1 | Lanzhou, China | 2011 |
11 | CPV-2a/Racoon_dog/QHD/2/19 | MT183665.1 | Jilin, China | 2019 |
12 | CPV-2b/Dog/NY/LP62/08 | JN867607.1 | Ithaca, USA | 2008 |
13 | Shangdong5 | GU392246.1 | Shangdong, China | 2007 |
14 | MDQ | FJ712220.1 | Jilin, China | 2008 |
15 | LYT-2 | FJ712221.1 | Jilin, China | 2008 |
16 | Jlin/2010 | HQ883275.1 | Jilin, China | 2010 |
17 | Dalian1 | GU392254.1 | Dalian, China | 2009 |
18 | Dalian | FJ712218.1 | Dalian, China | 2008 |
19 | RDPV HLJ11-1 | KJ170680.1 | Jilin, China | 2011 |
20 | RDPV Heb10-2 | KJ170679.1 | Baerbin, China | 2010 |
21 | 18R217C/TH/2018 | MN127779.1 | Thailand | 2018 |
22 | Anyang-02 | OR551227.1 | Anyang, China | 2021 |
23 | Beijing-01/2018 | MK266797.1 | Beijing, China | 2017 |
24 | cat-2 | PP738171.1 | Zhengzhou, China | 2021 |
25 | cat-3 | PP738172.1 | Zhengzhou, China | 2021 |
26 | F2016019 | MH329286.1 | Zhengzhou, China | 2019 |
27 | Gigucheon | MN400978.1 | Seoul, Korea | 2017 |
28 | GX01 | MG924893.1 | Guilin, China | 2016 |
29 | HB2001 | OQ868548.1 | Baoding, China | 2020 |
30 | HF1 | MT614366.1 | Hefei, China | 2019 |
31 | HN1910 | OQ868547.1 | Zhengzhou, China | 2019 |
32 | HN2101 | OQ868566.1 | Zhengzhou, China | 2021 |
33 | HRB-CS1 | KP280068.1 | Harbin, China | 2014 |
34 | Luoyang-08 | OR551219.1 | Luoyan, China | 2020 |
35 | Luoyang-19 | OR551221.1 | Luoyan, China | 2020 |
36 | MHS2019 | MN908257.1 | Longyan, China | 2019 |
37 | Xinxiang-05 | OR551226.1 | Xinxiang, China | 2022 |
38 | Zhengzhou-11 | OR551224.1 | Zhengzhou, China | 2021 |
39 | FPV-BJ05 | MH165482.1 | Beijing, China | 2014 |
40 | FPV-GD(12/09/YGP) | KC473946.1 | Guangdong, China | 2012 |
41 | FPV-G | MG764510.1 | Chengdu, China | 1999 |
42 | FPV-L | MG764511.1 | Chengdu, China | 2015 |
43 | Felocell | EU498681.1 | Bari, Italy | 2008 |
44 | Purevax | EU498680.1 | Bari, Italy | 2008 |
45 | CU-4 | M38246.1 | Ithaca, USA | 1996 |
Strain | Amino Acid Mutation Site | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
9 | 16 | 19 | 80 | 93 | 101 | 103 | 305 | 323 | 350 | 562 | 564 | 568 | |
FPV ZZ202303 | D | R | R | K | K | F | V | D | D | Q | V | N | A |
CU-4 (M38246.1) | D | R | R | K | K | I | V | D | D | Q | V | N | A |
Felocell (EU498681.1) | D | R | R | K | K | F | V | D | D | Q | L | N | A |
Purevax (EU498680.1) | D | R | R | K | K | I | V | D | D | Q | L | N | A |
Gigucheon (MN400978.1) | N | K | K | K | K | F | V | D | D | Q | V | N | A |
FPV-GD (KC473946.1) | D | R | R | K | K | F | V | D | D | R | V | N | A |
G7/97 (FJ005196.1) | D | R | R | R | N | F | A | Y | N | Q | V | S | G |
Case Number | Gender | Months of Age | Breed | Vaccination Status | Immunity Status |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Female | 2 | British Shorthair | No | Unimmunized |
2 | Female | 7 | Ragdoll | Yes | Complete immunity |
3 | Female | 12 | Chinese civet cat | Yes | Complete immunity |
4 | Male | 9 | American Shorthair | Yes | Complete immunity |
5 | Female | 8 | British Shorthair | Yes | Complete immunity |
6 | Male | 6 | Chinese civet cat | Yes | Complete immunity |
7 | Male | 21 | Maine Coon | Yes | Complete immunity |
Primer Name | Primer Sequence 5′-3′ | Fragment Size, bp |
---|---|---|
FPV-NS1-F | TGTACTTTGCGGGACTTGGT | 401 |
FPV-NS1-R | ACATTACCCACAGCTTGTGCT | |
FHV-gB-F | GACGTGGTGAATTATCAGC | 288 |
FHV-gB-R | CAACTAGATTTCCACCAGGA | |
FCV-VP1-F | CAARGGAGAAAATTCDGACGA | 321 |
FCV-VP1-R | GTATTTWAGCACGTTAGCGCAGGT | |
FIPV-N-F | GGCAACCCGATGTTTAAAACTGG | 214 |
FIPV-N-R | CACTAGATCCAGACGTTAGCTC | |
FPV-VP2-JDF | GGAACTAGTGGCACACCAACA | 386 |
FPV-VP2-JDR | GGCCCTTGTGTAGACGCTT | |
FPV-VP2-F | GTATACCATATAACAAACCTTC | 1903 |
FPV-VP2-R | ATGAGTGATGGAGCAGTTCAAC | |
Q-FPV-VP2-F | GTATACCATATAACAAACCTTC | 130 |
Q-FPV-VP2-R | TCATAGCTGCTGGAGTAAATGG |
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Wang, M.-Y.; Zhao, S.-B.; Wang, S.-Y.; Du, M.-H.; Ming, S.-L.; Zeng, L. Feline Panleukopenia Virus ZZ202303 Strain: Molecular Characterization and Structural Implications of the VP2 Gene Phylogenetic Divergence. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26, 4573. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26104573
Wang M-Y, Zhao S-B, Wang S-Y, Du M-H, Ming S-L, Zeng L. Feline Panleukopenia Virus ZZ202303 Strain: Molecular Characterization and Structural Implications of the VP2 Gene Phylogenetic Divergence. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2025; 26(10):4573. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26104573
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Ming-Yang, Shi-Bo Zhao, Shu-Yi Wang, Meng-Hua Du, Sheng-Li Ming, and Lei Zeng. 2025. "Feline Panleukopenia Virus ZZ202303 Strain: Molecular Characterization and Structural Implications of the VP2 Gene Phylogenetic Divergence" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 10: 4573. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26104573
APA StyleWang, M.-Y., Zhao, S.-B., Wang, S.-Y., Du, M.-H., Ming, S.-L., & Zeng, L. (2025). Feline Panleukopenia Virus ZZ202303 Strain: Molecular Characterization and Structural Implications of the VP2 Gene Phylogenetic Divergence. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 26(10), 4573. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26104573