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Volume 25
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10.3390/ijms25052710
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Article

Uncovering the Role of Hydroxycinnamoyl Transferase in Boosting Chlorogenic Acid Accumulation in Carthamus tinctorius Cells under Methyl Jasmonate Elicitation

by
Zebo Liu
1,
Xiaofeng Zhu
1,
Ali Mohsin
1,
Huijie Sun
1,
Linxiao Du
1,
Zhongping Yin
2,
Yingping Zhuang
1 and
Meijin Guo
1,*
1
State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
2
Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Foods, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(5), 2710; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25052710
Submission received: 7 February 2024 / Revised: 17 February 2024 / Accepted: 22 February 2024 / Published: 27 February 2024
(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Plant Sciences)
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Abstract

Chlorogenic acids (CGAs) are bioactive compounds widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Carthamus tinctorius is an important economic crop, and its suspension cells are rich in CGAs. However, little is known about the biosynthesis and regulation of CGAs in Carthamus tinctorius cells. This study first elucidated the regulatory mechanism of CGA biosynthesis in methyl jasmonate (MeJA)-treated Carthamus tinctorius cells and the role of the MeJA-responsive hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HCT) gene in enhancing their CGA accumulation. Firstly, temporal changes in intracellular metabolites showed that MeJA increased the intracellular CGA content up to 1.61-fold to 100.23 mg·g−1. Meanwhile, 31 primary metabolites showed significant differences, with 6 precursors related to increasing CGA biosynthesis. Secondly, the transcriptome data revealed 3637 new genes previously unannotated in the Carthamus tinctorius genome and 3653 differentially expressed genes. The genes involved in the plant signaling pathway and the biosynthesis of CGAs and their precursors showed a general up-regulation, especially the HCT gene family, which ultimately promoted CGA biosynthesis. Thirdly, the expression of a newly annotated and MeJA-responsive HCT gene (CtHCT, CtNewGene_3476) was demonstrated to be positively correlated with CGA accumulation in the cells, and transient overexpression of CtHCT enhanced CGA accumulation in tobacco. Finally, in vitro catalysis kinetics and molecular docking simulations revealed the ability and mechanism of the CtHCT protein to bind to various substrates and catalyze the formation of four hydroxycinnamic esters, including CGAs. These findings strengthened our understanding of the regulatory mechanism of CGA biosynthesis, thereby providing theoretical support for the efficient production of CGAs.
Keywords: chlorogenic acids biosynthetic regulation; Carthamus tinctorius suspension cells; hydroxycinnamoyl transferase; functional characterization; methyl jasmonate chlorogenic acids biosynthetic regulation; Carthamus tinctorius suspension cells; hydroxycinnamoyl transferase; functional characterization; methyl jasmonate
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MDPI and ACS Style

Liu, Z.; Zhu, X.; Mohsin, A.; Sun, H.; Du, L.; Yin, Z.; Zhuang, Y.; Guo, M. Uncovering the Role of Hydroxycinnamoyl Transferase in Boosting Chlorogenic Acid Accumulation in Carthamus tinctorius Cells under Methyl Jasmonate Elicitation. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 2710. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25052710

AMA Style

Liu Z, Zhu X, Mohsin A, Sun H, Du L, Yin Z, Zhuang Y, Guo M. Uncovering the Role of Hydroxycinnamoyl Transferase in Boosting Chlorogenic Acid Accumulation in Carthamus tinctorius Cells under Methyl Jasmonate Elicitation. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(5):2710. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25052710

Chicago/Turabian Style

Liu, Zebo, Xiaofeng Zhu, Ali Mohsin, Huijie Sun, Linxiao Du, Zhongping Yin, Yingping Zhuang, and Meijin Guo. 2024. "Uncovering the Role of Hydroxycinnamoyl Transferase in Boosting Chlorogenic Acid Accumulation in Carthamus tinctorius Cells under Methyl Jasmonate Elicitation" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 5: 2710. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25052710

APA Style

Liu, Z., Zhu, X., Mohsin, A., Sun, H., Du, L., Yin, Z., Zhuang, Y., & Guo, M. (2024). Uncovering the Role of Hydroxycinnamoyl Transferase in Boosting Chlorogenic Acid Accumulation in Carthamus tinctorius Cells under Methyl Jasmonate Elicitation. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(5), 2710. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25052710

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