Heterogeneous Off-Target Effects of Ultra-Low Dose Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) on Targetable Signaling Events in Lung Cancer In Vitro Models
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Ultra-Low DMSO Concentrations Broadly Affect the Signaling Network of NSCLC In Vitro Models
2.2. Ultra-Low DMSO Concentrations Have Heterogeneous and Cell Line Dependent Effects on Signaling Molecules in NSCLC Models
2.3. Ultra-Low DMSO Effects on Signal Transduction Cascades Are Time- and Model-Dependent
2.4. DMSO Effect on Signal Transduction Pathways May Affect Cell Lines’ Responses to Treatment
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Cell Cultures
4.2. Cell lines Treatments for Functional Signaling Analysis
4.3. Reverse Phase Protein Microarray
4.4. Drug Susceptibility Analysis
4.5. Statistical Analysis
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Baldelli, E.; Subramanian, M.; Alsubaie, A.M.; Oldaker, G.; Emelianenko, M.; El Gazzah, E.; Baglivo, S.; Hodge, K.A.; Bianconi, F.; Ludovini, V.; et al. Heterogeneous Off-Target Effects of Ultra-Low Dose Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) on Targetable Signaling Events in Lung Cancer In Vitro Models. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 2819. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22062819
Baldelli E, Subramanian M, Alsubaie AM, Oldaker G, Emelianenko M, El Gazzah E, Baglivo S, Hodge KA, Bianconi F, Ludovini V, et al. Heterogeneous Off-Target Effects of Ultra-Low Dose Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) on Targetable Signaling Events in Lung Cancer In Vitro Models. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(6):2819. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22062819
Chicago/Turabian StyleBaldelli, Elisa, Mahalakshmi Subramanian, Abduljalil M. Alsubaie, Guy Oldaker, Maria Emelianenko, Emna El Gazzah, Sara Baglivo, Kimberley A. Hodge, Fortunato Bianconi, Vienna Ludovini, and et al. 2021. "Heterogeneous Off-Target Effects of Ultra-Low Dose Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) on Targetable Signaling Events in Lung Cancer In Vitro Models" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 6: 2819. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22062819