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International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Volume 22, Issue 20

2021 October-2 - 402 articles

Cover Story: This review focuses on the clinical translation of preclinical studies, especially those that have used stem cells in the treatment of glaucoma, with an emphasis on optic nerve regeneration. The studies referred to in the review aim to treat optic nerve atrophy, while cell therapies targeting other sites in the eye, such as the trabecular meshwork, have not been addressed. By analyzing the facts associated with failure, important lessons are to be learned: the type of stem cells used, the route of administration, the selection of patients eligible for these treatments, additional therapies that support stem cell transplantation and their mode of action, and methods for avoiding the host’s immune response.View this paper
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Articles (402)

  • Review
  • Open Access
11 Citations
5,785 Views
14 Pages

Myelodysplastic Syndromes and Metabolism

  • Ekaterina Balaian,
  • Manja Wobus,
  • Martin Bornhäuser,
  • Triantafyllos Chavakis and
  • Katja Sockel

19 October 2021

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are acquired clonal stem cell disorders exhibiting ineffective hematopoiesis, dysplastic cell morphology in the bone marrow, and peripheral cytopenia at early stages; while advanced stages carry a high risk for transfo...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
3,471 Views
10 Pages

Ganoderma formosanum Exopolysaccharides Inhibit Tumor Growth via Immunomodulation

  • Hsing-Chun Kuo,
  • Yen-Wenn Liu,
  • Chi-Chin Lum,
  • Kai-Di Hsu,
  • Shin-Ping Lin,
  • Chang-Wei Hsieh,
  • Hui-Wen Lin,
  • Tze-Ying Lu and
  • Kuan-Chen Cheng

19 October 2021

Ganoderma formosanum (GF) is a medicinal mushroom endemic to Taiwan. Previous research established the optimal culture conditions to produce exopolysaccharide rich in β-glucan (GF-EPS) from submerged fermentation of GF. The present study investigated...

  • Article
  • Open Access
28 Citations
4,541 Views
15 Pages

Macrophage Polarization Related to Crystal Phases of Calcium Phosphate Biomaterials

  • Linghao Xiao,
  • Yukari Shiwaku,
  • Ryo Hamai,
  • Kaori Tsuchiya,
  • Keiichi Sasaki and
  • Osamu Suzuki

19 October 2021

Calcium phosphate (CaP) materials influence macrophage polarization during bone healing. However, the effect of the crystal phase of CaP materials on the immune response of bone remains unclear. In this study, the effect of the crystal phases of CaP...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
2,932 Views
11 Pages

19 October 2021

Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) are one of the therapeutic options for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), but they have limited effects. We previously demonstrated that HSP72 overexpression is associated with chemoresistance to HDACis in lymph...

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
6,182 Views
12 Pages

Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Promotes Growth in Zebrafish Larvae by Inducing IGF-1 Expression via GABAA and GABAB Receptors

  • Athapaththu Mudiyanselage Gihan Kavinda Athapaththu,
  • Ilandarage Menu Neelaka Molagoda,
  • Rajapaksha Gedara Prasad Tharanga Jayasooriya,
  • Yung Hyun Choi,
  • You-Jin Jeon,
  • Joung-Hyun Park,
  • Bae-Jin Lee and
  • Gi-Young Kim

19 October 2021

Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) primarily increases the release of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in neurons; moreover, it is responsible for the promotion of longitudinal growth in children and adolescents. Therefore, in this study, we investig...

  • Review
  • Open Access
77 Citations
16,755 Views
63 Pages

19 October 2021

Plastics are highly durable and widely used materials. Current methodologies of plastic degradation, elimination, and recycling are flawed. In recent years, biodegradation (the usage of microorganisms for material recycling) has grown as a valid alte...

  • Communication
  • Open Access
7 Citations
3,674 Views
11 Pages

Polygodial and Ophiobolin A Analogues for Covalent Crosslinking of Anticancer Targets

  • Vladimir Maslivetc,
  • Breana Laguera,
  • Sunena Chandra,
  • Ramesh Dasari,
  • Wesley J. Olivier,
  • Jason A. Smith,
  • Alex C. Bissember,
  • Marco Masi,
  • Antonio Evidente and
  • Alexander Kornienko
  • + 1 author

19 October 2021

In a search of small molecules active against apoptosis-resistant cancer cells, including glioma, melanoma, and non-small cell lung cancer, we previously prepared α,β- and γ,δ-unsaturated ester analogues of polygodial and ophiobolin A, compounds capa...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
3,399 Views
12 Pages

The Hedgehog-GLI Pathway Regulates MEK5-ERK5 Expression and Activation in Melanoma Cells

  • Ignazia Tusa,
  • Sinforosa Gagliardi,
  • Alessandro Tubita,
  • Silvia Pandolfi,
  • Alessio Menconi,
  • Matteo Lulli,
  • Persio Dello Sbarba,
  • Barbara Stecca and
  • Elisabetta Rovida

19 October 2021

Malignant melanoma is the deadliest skin cancer, with a poor prognosis in advanced stages. We recently showed that the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5), encoded by the MAPK7 gene, plays a pivotal role in melanoma by regulating cell func...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
3,184 Views
13 Pages

SOD2 Enhancement by Long-Term Inhibition of the PI3K Pathway Confers Multi-Drug Resistance and Enhanced Tumor-Initiating Features in Head and Neck Cancer

  • Wei-Ting Hsueh,
  • Shang-Hung Chen,
  • Chia-Hung Chien,
  • Shao-Wen Chou,
  • Pei-I Chi,
  • Jui-Mei Chu and
  • Kwang-Yu Chang

19 October 2021

The phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway has widely been considered as a potential therapeutic target for head and neck cancer (HNC); however, the application of PI3K inhibitors is often overshadowed by the induction of drug resistance with unkno...

  • Article
  • Open Access
22 Citations
3,501 Views
16 Pages

Effect of Exogenous Melatonin on the Development of Mice Ovarian Follicles and Follicular Angiogenesis

  • Jingli Tao,
  • Liangliang Zhang,
  • Xuan Zhang,
  • Yuanyuan Chen,
  • Qianqian Chen,
  • Ming Shen,
  • Honglin Liu and
  • Shoulong Deng

19 October 2021

In mammalian, the periodic growth and development of ovarian follicles constitutes the physiological basis of female estrus and ovulation. Concomitantly, follicular angiogenesis exerts a pivotal role in the growth of ovarian follicles. Melatonin (N-a...

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Int. J. Mol. Sci. - ISSN 1422-0067