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Volume 21
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Review

Prion Protein at the Leading Edge: Its Role in Cell Motility

by
Mariana Brandão Prado
†,
Maria Isabel Melo Escobar
†,
Rodrigo Nunes Alves
†,
Bárbara Paranhos Coelho
,
Camila Felix de Lima Fernandes
,
Jacqueline Marcia Boccacino
,
Rebeca Piatniczka Iglesia
and
Marilene Hohmuth Lopes
*
Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally for this work.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21(18), 6677; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21186677
Submission received: 1 August 2020 / Revised: 8 September 2020 / Accepted: 9 September 2020 / Published: 12 September 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prions and Prion Diseases)
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Abstract

Cell motility is a central process involved in fundamental biological phenomena during embryonic development, wound healing, immune surveillance, and cancer spreading. Cell movement is complex and dynamic and requires the coordinated activity of cytoskeletal, membrane, adhesion and extracellular proteins. Cellular prion protein (PrPC) has been implicated in distinct aspects of cell motility, including axonal growth, transendothelial migration, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, formation of lamellipodia, and tumor migration and invasion. The preferential location of PrPC on cell membrane favors its function as a pivotal molecule in cell motile phenotype, being able to serve as a scaffold protein for extracellular matrix proteins, cell surface receptors, and cytoskeletal multiprotein complexes to modulate their activities in cellular movement. Evidence points to PrPC mediating interactions of multiple key elements of cell motility at the intra- and extracellular levels, such as integrins and matrix proteins, also regulating cell adhesion molecule stability and cell adhesion cytoskeleton dynamics. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that govern cell motility is critical for tissue homeostasis, since uncontrolled cell movement results in pathological conditions such as developmental diseases and tumor dissemination. In this review, we discuss the relevant contribution of PrPC in several aspects of cell motility, unveiling new insights into both PrPC function and mechanism in a multifaceted manner either in physiological or pathological contexts.
Keywords: prion protein; cell motility; adhesion; metastasis; invasiveness prion protein; cell motility; adhesion; metastasis; invasiveness
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MDPI and ACS Style

Prado, M.B.; Melo Escobar, M.I.; Alves, R.N.; Coelho, B.P.; Fernandes, C.F.d.L.; Boccacino, J.M.; Iglesia, R.P.; Lopes, M.H. Prion Protein at the Leading Edge: Its Role in Cell Motility. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 6677. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21186677

AMA Style

Prado MB, Melo Escobar MI, Alves RN, Coelho BP, Fernandes CFdL, Boccacino JM, Iglesia RP, Lopes MH. Prion Protein at the Leading Edge: Its Role in Cell Motility. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(18):6677. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21186677

Chicago/Turabian Style

Prado, Mariana Brandão, Maria Isabel Melo Escobar, Rodrigo Nunes Alves, Bárbara Paranhos Coelho, Camila Felix de Lima Fernandes, Jacqueline Marcia Boccacino, Rebeca Piatniczka Iglesia, and Marilene Hohmuth Lopes. 2020. "Prion Protein at the Leading Edge: Its Role in Cell Motility" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 18: 6677. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21186677

APA Style

Prado, M. B., Melo Escobar, M. I., Alves, R. N., Coelho, B. P., Fernandes, C. F. d. L., Boccacino, J. M., Iglesia, R. P., & Lopes, M. H. (2020). Prion Protein at the Leading Edge: Its Role in Cell Motility. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(18), 6677. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21186677

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