Sign in to use this feature.

Years

Between: -

Subjects

remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline

Journals

remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline

Article Types

Countries / Regions

remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline

Search Results (2,113)

Search Parameters:
Keywords = oxidized phenolic compounds

Order results
Result details
Results per page
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:
27 pages, 2559 KiB  
Review
Virgin Coconut Oil and Its Lauric Acid, Between Anticancer Activity and Modulation of Chemotherapy Toxicity: A Review
by Debalina Bose, Adetayo Olorunlana, Rania Abdel-Latif, Ademola C. Famurewa and Eman M. Othman
J. Xenobiot. 2025, 15(4), 126; https://doi.org/10.3390/jox15040126 - 5 Aug 2025
Abstract
Virgin coconut oil (VCO) has emerged as a functional food oil with considerable health benefits and wide applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries due to its resident bioactive compounds, including lauric acid (LA). LA is the most abundant saturated medium-chain fatty [...] Read more.
Virgin coconut oil (VCO) has emerged as a functional food oil with considerable health benefits and wide applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries due to its resident bioactive compounds, including lauric acid (LA). LA is the most abundant saturated medium-chain fatty acid in VCO and has been associated with several pharmacological activities. The literatures show the pharmacological effects of VCO and LA on chronic pathologies, infectious diseases, and metabolic disorders. A robust body of evidence shows that LA and other phenolic compounds are responsible for the VCO protection against toxicities and pharmacological efficacies. This review elucidates the anticancer mechanisms of VCO/LA and their modulation of the chemotherapy-induced side effect toxicity. VCO, LA, and their nanomaterial/encapsulated derivatives promote ROS generation, antiproliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, the inhibition of metastasis, and the modulation of cancer-related signaling pathways for cancer cell death in vivo and in vitro. VCO mitigates oxidative inflammation and apoptosis to block the underlying mechanisms of the side effect toxicity of chemotherapy. However, the possible beneficial effect of LA on the toxicity of chemotherapy is currently unknown. The available evidence emphasizes the anticancer effect and mechanism of VCO and LA, and the VCO potential to combat adverse side effects of chemotherapy. Thus, VCO and LA are potential adjuvant therapeutic agents in the management of various cancers. Nevertheless, future studies should be targeted at elucidating cancer-related molecular mechanisms to bridge the gap in knowledge. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

26 pages, 931 KiB  
Article
Nutritional Quality, Fatty Acids Profile, and Phytochemical Composition of Unconventional Vegetable Oils
by Wiktoria Kamińska, Anna Grygier, Katarzyna Rzyska-Szczupak, Anna Przybylska-Balcerek, Kinga Stuper-Szablewska and Grażyna Neunert
Molecules 2025, 30(15), 3269; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30153269 - 4 Aug 2025
Abstract
This study compares the nutritional and metabolic properties of unconventional cold-pressed vegetable oils available on the Polish market. Twelve oils—milk thistle, evening primrose, flaxseed, camelina sativa, black cumin, pumpkin seed, sesame, mustard seed, sea buckthorn, blue poppy seed, borage, and safflower—were examined. The [...] Read more.
This study compares the nutritional and metabolic properties of unconventional cold-pressed vegetable oils available on the Polish market. Twelve oils—milk thistle, evening primrose, flaxseed, camelina sativa, black cumin, pumpkin seed, sesame, mustard seed, sea buckthorn, blue poppy seed, borage, and safflower—were examined. The chosen oils were investigated based on their fatty acids profiles, total phenolic compounds (TPC), tocopherols, and pigment contents. Despite the high polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) content raising concerns about oxidative stability, the significant tocopherol levels and polyphenols content contribute to antioxidative protection. These oils’ favorable hypocholesterolemic, antiatherogenic, and antithrombogenic properties were highlighted by key nutritional indices, showing potential benefits for cardiovascular health. These results suggest that these oils are a promising dietary supplement for promoting both cardiovascular health and sustainability, owing to their rich content of essential fatty acids and bioactive compounds. Moreover, high correlations were found between theoretical and experimental established oxidative stability of the tested oils at the ending stage of the thermostat test. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

25 pages, 1951 KiB  
Review
Antioxidant Capacity and Therapeutic Applications of Honey: Health Benefits, Antimicrobial Activity and Food Processing Roles
by Ivana Tlak Gajger, Showket Ahmad Dar, Mohamed Morsi M. Ahmed, Magda M. Aly and Josipa Vlainić
Antioxidants 2025, 14(8), 959; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox14080959 (registering DOI) - 4 Aug 2025
Abstract
Honey is a natural product of honeybees that has been consumed for centuries due to its nutritional value and potential health benefits. Recent scientific research has focused on its antioxidant capacity, which is linked to a variety of bioactive compounds such as phenolic [...] Read more.
Honey is a natural product of honeybees that has been consumed for centuries due to its nutritional value and potential health benefits. Recent scientific research has focused on its antioxidant capacity, which is linked to a variety of bioactive compounds such as phenolic acids, enzymes (e.g., glucose oxidase, catalase), flavonoids, ascorbic acid, carotenoids, amino acids, and proteins. Together, these components work synergistically to neutralize free radicals, regulate antioxidant enzyme activity, and reduce oxidative stress. This review decisively outlines the antioxidant effects of honey and presents compelling clinical and experimental evidence supporting its critical role in preventing diseases associated with oxidative stress. Honey stands out for its extensive health benefits, which include robust protection against cardiovascular issues, notable anticancer and anti-inflammatory effects, enhanced glycemic control in diabetes, immune modulation, neuroprotection, and effective wound healing. As a recognized functional food and dietary supplement, honey is essential for the prevention and adjunct treatment of chronic diseases. However, it faces challenges due to variations in composition linked to climatic conditions, geographical and floral sources, as well as hive management practices. The limited number of large-scale clinical trials further underscores the need for more research. Future studies must focus on elucidating honey’s antioxidant mechanisms, standardizing its bioactive compounds, and examining its synergistic effects with other natural antioxidants to fully harness its potential. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 4386 KiB  
Article
Foliar Application of Salicylic Acid Stimulates Phenolic Compound Accumulation and Antioxidant Potential in Saposhnikovia divaricata Herb
by Daniil N. Olennikov, Nina I. Kashchenko and Nadezhda K. Chirikova
Horticulturae 2025, 11(8), 895; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae11080895 (registering DOI) - 2 Aug 2025
Viewed by 172
Abstract
Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz. ex Ledeb.) Schischk., commonly known as divaricate siler, is a well-known medicinal plant from the Apiaceae family. Its natural habitat is rapidly declining owing to the harvesting of its roots, used as fángfēng in traditional Oriental medicine. This underutilized herb [...] Read more.
Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz. ex Ledeb.) Schischk., commonly known as divaricate siler, is a well-known medicinal plant from the Apiaceae family. Its natural habitat is rapidly declining owing to the harvesting of its roots, used as fángfēng in traditional Oriental medicine. This underutilized herb may serve as a valuable source of bioactive phenolic compounds, which can potentially be influenced by salicylic acid (SA) elicitation—a practical method to increase the concentration of valuable substances in plants. A field study showed that foliar application of SA on one-year-old S. divaricata positively influenced the total phenolic content in the herb, with the highest increase observed at 1.0 mM SA. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) data became increasingly complex with rising SA levels, identifying up to 48 compounds, including cinnamoyl quinic acids (CQAs), dihydrofurochromones (DFCs), and flavonol O-glycosides (FOGs), most reported for the first time in this species. The highest concentrations of CQAs, DFCs, and FOGs in plants treated with 1.0 mM SA were 83.14, 3.75, and 60.53 mg/g, respectively, compared to 42.76, 0.95, and 40.73 mg/g in untreated (0.0 mM SA) plants. Nine in vitro antioxidant assays revealed strong radical-scavenging and nitric oxide (NO)- and Fe2+-chelating activities in 1.0 mM SA-treated plants, indicating robust antioxidative properties of the S. divaricata herb. Thus, foliar application of SA considerably enriches the herb with target antioxidants, increasing its medicinal value, which is reflected in the plant’s biological response. This could potentially reduce the overexploitation of natural populations of S. divaricata, helping to preserve this valuable plant. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 762 KiB  
Review
Djulis (Chenopodium formosanum) Extract as a Promising Natural Agent Against Skin Aging
by Jia-Ling Lyu, Po-Yuan Wu, Hsiao-Fang Liao, Chia-Lin Lee, Kuo-Ching Wen, Chang-Cheng Chang and Hsiu-Mei Chiang
Molecules 2025, 30(15), 3209; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30153209 - 31 Jul 2025
Viewed by 292
Abstract
Photoaging, predominantly induced by ultraviolet radiation, is a primary driver of premature skin aging, characterized by complex molecular mechanisms including oxidative stress, inflammation, matrix metalloproteinase activation, and extracellular matrix degradation. Consequently, there is growing scientific interest in identifying effective natural agents to counteract [...] Read more.
Photoaging, predominantly induced by ultraviolet radiation, is a primary driver of premature skin aging, characterized by complex molecular mechanisms including oxidative stress, inflammation, matrix metalloproteinase activation, and extracellular matrix degradation. Consequently, there is growing scientific interest in identifying effective natural agents to counteract skin aging and photoaging. Djulis (Chenopodium formosanum), an indigenous Taiwanese pseudocereal from the Amaranthaceae family, has emerged as a promising candidate for skincare applications because of its rich phytochemicals and diverse bioactivities. This review describes the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying photoaging and examines the therapeutic potential of djulis extract as a multifunctional agent for skin aging. Its mechanisms of action include enhancing antioxidant defenses, modulating inflammatory pathways, preserving the extracellular matrix, and inhibiting the formation of advanced glycation end products. Bioactive constituents of djulis extract, including phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and betanin, are known to exhibit potent antioxidant and photoprotective activities by modulating multiple molecular pathways essential for skin protection. The bioactivities of djulis in in vitro and animal studies, and four skin clinical trials of djulis extract products are presented in this review article. Ultimately, this review provides an overview that supports the potential of djulis extract in the development of evidence-based skincare formulations for the prevention and treatment of skin aging. Full article
Show Figures

Graphical abstract

25 pages, 1438 KiB  
Article
Optimized Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction for Enhanced Recovery of Valuable Phenolic Compounds from Olive By-Products
by Xavier Expósito-Almellón, Álvaro Munguía-Ubierna, Carmen Duque-Soto, Isabel Borrás-Linares, Rosa Quirantes-Piné and Jesús Lozano-Sánchez
Antioxidants 2025, 14(8), 938; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox14080938 - 30 Jul 2025
Viewed by 304
Abstract
The olive oil industry generates by-products like olive leaves and pomace, which are rich in bioactive compounds, especially polyphenols. This study applied a circular economy approach to valorize these residues using green ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) with GRAS solvents. Key parameters (solvent composition, ultrasound [...] Read more.
The olive oil industry generates by-products like olive leaves and pomace, which are rich in bioactive compounds, especially polyphenols. This study applied a circular economy approach to valorize these residues using green ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) with GRAS solvents. Key parameters (solvent composition, ultrasound amplitude, and specific energy) were optimized via Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to enhance polyphenol recovery and yield. Ethanol concentration proved to be the most influential factor. Optimal conditions for olive pomace were 100% ethanol, 46 μm amplitude, and 25 J∙mL−1 specific energy, while olive leaves required 72% ethanol with similar ultrasound settings. Under these conditions, extracts were prepared and analyzed using HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS and DPPH assays. The optimized UAE process achieved yields of 15–20% in less than 5 min and under mild conditions. Optimal extracts showed high oleuropein content (6 mg/g in leaves, 5 mg/g in pomace), lower hydroxytyrosol levels, and minimal oxidized derivatives, suggesting reduced degradation compared to conventional methods. These findings demonstrate UAE’s effectiveness in recovering valuable phenolics from olive by-products, supporting sustainable and efficient resource use. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Antioxidants from Agri-Food Wastes)
Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 1259 KiB  
Article
Biological Properties and Phenolic Characterization of MetabolAid®: Combination of Plant-Derivate Compound Extracts
by Francesco Vizzarri, Aneta Kisova, Ivana Spevakova, Andrea Raffaelli, Vincenzo Longo and Luisa Pozzo
Processes 2025, 13(8), 2405; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13082405 - 29 Jul 2025
Viewed by 198
Abstract
In recent years, most of the populations of the world have been using herbal materials for their strong antimicrobial properties and major health benefits. The objective of this study was to evaluate the phenolic profile, as well as the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, [...] Read more.
In recent years, most of the populations of the world have been using herbal materials for their strong antimicrobial properties and major health benefits. The objective of this study was to evaluate the phenolic profile, as well as the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, of a dietary supplement composed of extracts from hibiscus (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) calyces and lemon verbena (Lippia citriodora) leaves (Metabolaid®, Patent P201731147) mixed at a weight ratio of 35:65 (w/w), respectively. The bioactive components of the methanolic extract were analyzed by UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using spectrophotometric methods, while the antimicrobial activity was assessed through the microdilution method against selected Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The total phenols content resulted in being 256.10 ± 2.26 mg GAE/g f.w., the flavonoid content was 48.90 ± 2.95 mg CE/g f.w., flavonols were 60.17 ± 7.68 mg QE/g f.w., and anthocyanins were 3.78 ± 0.17 mg C3GE/g f.w. The FRAP value, observed in the natural mix additive, was 1.25 ± 0.03 mg Fe2+/g f.w., while the ORAC showed the value of 1893.77 ± 30.39 µmol TE/g f.w. and the DPPH was 23.33 ± 4.12 µg/mL. We found eight phenolic acids, seven flavonols, five anthocyanins, and nine other phenolic compounds. The extract showed a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 12.5 mg/mL against E. coli, E. aerogenes, and E. faecalis and of 25 mg/mL against S. enterica ser. Typhimurium and S. aureus and a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 25 mg/mL against E. coli, E. aerogenes, and E. faecalis and of 50 mg/mL against S. enterica ser. Typhimurium and S. aureus. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that Metabolaid® is a rich source of bioactive compounds and provides beneficial effects against oxidative stress and pathogenic bacteria, supporting its nutraceutical potential. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

30 pages, 1991 KiB  
Review
Emerging Technologies for Extracting Antioxidant Compounds from Edible and Medicinal Mushrooms: An Efficient and Sustainable Approach
by Salome Mamani Parí, Erick Saldaña, Juan D. Rios-Mera, María Fernanda Quispe Angulo and Nils Leander Huaman-Castilla
Compounds 2025, 5(3), 29; https://doi.org/10.3390/compounds5030029 - 28 Jul 2025
Viewed by 256
Abstract
Edible mushrooms are well-known for their culinary and nutritional values. Additionally, they serve as a natural source of polyphenols, a group of bioactive compounds that significantly treat diseases associated with oxidative stress. The polyphenolic profile of mushrooms mainly consists of phenolic acids and [...] Read more.
Edible mushrooms are well-known for their culinary and nutritional values. Additionally, they serve as a natural source of polyphenols, a group of bioactive compounds that significantly treat diseases associated with oxidative stress. The polyphenolic profile of mushrooms mainly consists of phenolic acids and flavonoids, whose chemical properties have attracted the attention of both the food and pharmaceutical industries. Consequently, methods for extracting polyphenols from mushrooms encompass conventional techniques (maceration and Soxhlet extraction) as well as innovative or green methods (ultrasound-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, pressurized liquid extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, enzyme-assisted extraction, and pulsed electric field extraction). Nonetheless, extraction with pressurized liquids and supercritical fluids is considered the most suitable method, as they function in a gentle and selective manner, preserving the integrity of the phenolic compounds. The use of mushroom-derived phenolic compounds in food and pharmaceutical formulations continues to face challenges concerning the safety of these extracts, as they might contain unwanted substances. Future applications should incorporate purification systems to yield highly pure extracts, thereby creating safe polyphenol carriers (for food and pharmaceutical products) for consumers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Compounds–Derived from Nature)
Show Figures

Graphical abstract

22 pages, 1957 KiB  
Article
Preliminary Evaluation of the Nutraceutical Properties in Monovarietal Extra-Virgin Olive Oils and Monitoring Their Stability During Storage
by Lina Cossignani, Ornella Calderini, Antonello Marinotti, Emiliano Orrico, Andrea Domesi, Luisa Massaccesi, Mirko Cucina and Marina Bufacchi
Molecules 2025, 30(15), 3143; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30153143 - 26 Jul 2025
Viewed by 347
Abstract
In this paper, an in-depth characterization of the composition of extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) from different cultivars was performed, with the aim of obtaining the fingerprint profile of bioactive constituents and studying the oxidative stability of the samples, both by an accelerated stability [...] Read more.
In this paper, an in-depth characterization of the composition of extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) from different cultivars was performed, with the aim of obtaining the fingerprint profile of bioactive constituents and studying the oxidative stability of the samples, both by an accelerated stability test and after four months of storage at room temperature. Among the investigated cultivars, some were typical of Umbria (Central Italy), namely Moraiolo, Frantoio, and Dolce Agogia, others of Apulia (Southern Italy), Coratina, Peranzana, and Bella di Cerignola, and others were typical Spanish cultivars cultivated in Umbria (Arbequina and Arbosana). The comparison of the chemical parameters among oils from the different cultivars allowed for their discrimination by multivariate statistical analysis. Some phenolic compounds were mainly responsible for the sample group’s differentiation, with the oils from the Spanish cultivars clearly distinguished from the Umbrian and Apulian sample groups. The processing of the results by chemometric analysis during oil storage and stability tests again allowed the discrimination of the samples analyzed at different storage times. This study contributes to increasing knowledge on olive oils—chemical and nutraceutical properties from specific cultivars, particularly some less studied so far, such as the Bella di Cerignola cultivar, and their changes in their nutraceutical properties during storage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Critical Quality Attributes of Natural Products)
Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 3748 KiB  
Article
Enhancement of Phenolic and Polyacetylene Production in Chinese Lobelia (Lobelia chinensis Lour.) Plant Suspension Culture by Employing Silver, Iron Oxide Nanoparticles and Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes as Elicitors
by Xinlei Bai, Han-Sol Lee, Jong-Eun Han, Hosakatte Niranjana Murthy and So-Young Park
Processes 2025, 13(8), 2370; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13082370 - 25 Jul 2025
Viewed by 199
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O4NPs), and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are widely used in various applications, such as biomedicine, environmental remediation, and agriculture. In addition, these nanomaterials can affect the production of bioactive compounds in plants that [...] Read more.
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O4NPs), and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are widely used in various applications, such as biomedicine, environmental remediation, and agriculture. In addition, these nanomaterials can affect the production of bioactive compounds in plants that have pharmacological activities. In the current study, the in vitro plant cultures of Chinese lobelia (Lobelia chinensis Lour.) were established in MS medium and treated with 0, 12.5, 25, 37.5, and 50 mg L−1 AgNPs or Fe2O4NPs, or MWCNTs. Initially, plants were grown for four weeks without any elicitors, and after that, the cultures were treated with nano-elicitors for one week. After five weeks, the effects of nano-elicitors were estimated on growth, total phenolic, flavonoids, polyacetylenes, and ABTS/DPPH/FRAP antioxidant activity was investigated. The results showed that lower levels of AgNPs (25 mg L−1), Fe2O4NPs (25 mg L−1), and MWCNTs (12.5 mg L−1) favored the accumulation of fresh and dry biomass. Whereas, 37.5 mg L−1 AgNPs, 25 mg L−1 Fe2O4NPs, and 37.5 mg L−1 MWCNTs enhanced the accumulation of total phenolics, flavonoids, specific phenolic compounds including chlorogenic acid, catechin, phloretic acid, coumaric acid, salicylic acid, naringin, myricetin, linarin, and polyacetylenes viz. lobetylonin and lobetyolin in higher concentrations. The plant extracts elicited by nanomaterials also depicted very good antioxidant activities according to ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP assays. These results suggest that specific nanomaterials, and at specific levels, could be used for the production of bioactive compounds from shoot cultures of Chinese lobelia. Full article
Show Figures

Graphical abstract

25 pages, 2588 KiB  
Article
Phytochemical Analysis and Therapeutic Potential of Tuberaria lignosa (Sweet) Samp. Aqueous Extract in Skin Injuries
by Manuel González-Vázquez, Ana Quílez Guerrero, Mónica Zuzarte, Lígia Salgueiro, Jorge Alves-Silva, María Luisa González-Rodríguez and Rocío De la Puerta
Plants 2025, 14(15), 2299; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14152299 - 25 Jul 2025
Viewed by 326
Abstract
Tuberaria lignosa (Sweet) Samp. (Cistaceae) is a herbaceous species native to southwestern Europe, traditionally used to treat wounds, ulcers, and inflammatory or infectious skin conditions. This study aimed to characterize the phytochemical profile of its aqueous leaf extract and evaluate its skin-related in [...] Read more.
Tuberaria lignosa (Sweet) Samp. (Cistaceae) is a herbaceous species native to southwestern Europe, traditionally used to treat wounds, ulcers, and inflammatory or infectious skin conditions. This study aimed to characterize the phytochemical profile of its aqueous leaf extract and evaluate its skin-related in vitro biological activities. The phenolic composition was determined using UHPLC-HRMS/MS, HPLC-DAD, and quantitative colorimetric assays. Antioxidant activity was assessed against synthetic free radicals, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, transition metals, and pro-oxidant enzymes. Enzymatic inhibition of tyrosinase, hyaluronidase, collagenase, and elastase were evaluated using in vitro assays. Cytocompatibility was tested on human keratinocytes and NIH/3T3 fibroblasts using MTT and resazurin assays, respectively, while wound healing was evaluated on NIH/3T3 fibroblasts using the scratch assay. Antifungal activity was investigated against several Candida and dermatophyte species, while antibiofilm activity was tested against Epidermophyton floccosum. The extract was found to be rich in phenolic compounds, accounting for nearly 45% of its dry weight. These included flavonoids, phenolic acids, and proanthocyanidins, with ellagitannins (punicalagin) being the predominant group. The extract demonstrated potent antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase, anti-collagenase, anti-elastase, and antidermatophytic activities, including fungistatic, fungicidal, and antibiofilm effects. These findings highlight the potential of T. lignosa as a valuable and underexplored source of bioactive phenolic compounds with strong potential for the development of innovative approaches for skin care and therapy. Full article
Show Figures

Graphical abstract

26 pages, 2613 KiB  
Article
Sustainable Olive Pomace Extracts for Skin Barrier Support
by Roberta Cougo Riéffel, Lucas Agostini, Naira Poener Rodrigues, Simone Jacobus Berlitz, Lígia Damasceno Ferreira Marczak and Irene Clemes Külkamp-Guerreiro
Pharmaceutics 2025, 17(8), 962; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17080962 - 25 Jul 2025
Viewed by 350
Abstract
Background: Olive pomace, a byproduct of olive oil production, represents approximately 85% of the processed material and poses environmental risks when improperly discarded. Its composition is rich in polyphenols with potential for cosmetic use, especially in skin barrier care. Objective: To [...] Read more.
Background: Olive pomace, a byproduct of olive oil production, represents approximately 85% of the processed material and poses environmental risks when improperly discarded. Its composition is rich in polyphenols with potential for cosmetic use, especially in skin barrier care. Objective: To develop a natural extract rich in antioxidants from olive pomace using sustainable solvents (water and 1,3-propanediol) for skin barrier support. Methods: The phenolic composition and in vitro biological activities of the extracts were analyzed. Results: The extracts demonstrated a reducing capacity (15 to 33 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid content (4 to 5 mg QE/g). In addition, their antioxidant capacity was proven through the inhibition of the DPPH radical (7% to 91%) and ABTS (7% to 95%) and the reduction in oxidation in the beta-carotene/linoleic acid system (6% to 35%), presenting results superior to those of tocopherol acetate. The hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein compounds, ranging from 28 to 54 and 51 to 85 µg/mL, respectively, were quantified via HPLC. The extract with the highest levels of hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein was analyzed via UHPLC-QqTOF-MS, and 33 compounds were identified. This extract showed antiglycation activity (24% to 40%). The incorporation of this extract into a cosmetic emulsion resulted in sufficient antioxidant capacity to replace tocopherol acetate. Conclusions: The use of effective extraction techniques and nontoxic solvents ensures the sustainability and safety of the extract for application as a natural cosmetic ingredient, aiming to promote the health and integrity of the skin barrier. Full article
Show Figures

Graphical abstract

20 pages, 2015 KiB  
Article
Origanum majorana Extracts: A Preliminary Comparative Study on Phytochemical Profiles and Bioactive Properties of Valuable Fraction and By-Product
by Simone Bianchi, Rosaria Acquaviva, Claudia Di Giacomo, Laura Siracusa, Leeyah Issop-Merlen, Roberto Motterlini, Roberta Foresti, Donata Condorelli and Giuseppe Antonio Malfa
Plants 2025, 14(15), 2264; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14152264 - 23 Jul 2025
Viewed by 299
Abstract
Origanum majorana L. (O. majorana) (Lamiaceae) is an aromatic Mediterranean plant widely used in food, cosmetics, and traditional medicine due to its aroma and rich content of bioactive compounds. While its leaves and flowers are commonly utilized, lignified stems are often [...] Read more.
Origanum majorana L. (O. majorana) (Lamiaceae) is an aromatic Mediterranean plant widely used in food, cosmetics, and traditional medicine due to its aroma and rich content of bioactive compounds. While its leaves and flowers are commonly utilized, lignified stems are often discarded. This study compared hydroalcoholic extracts from the leaves and flowers (valuable fraction, VF) and stems (by-product, BP). Phytochemical analysis revealed qualitatively similar profiles, identifying 20 phenolic compounds, with Rosmarinic acid and Salvianolic acid B as the most and second most abundant, respectively. Antioxidant activity was evaluated in vitro using DPPH (IC50 [µg/mL]: VF 30.11 ± 3.46; BP 31.72 ± 1.46), H2O2 (IC50 [µg/mL]: VF 103.09 ± 4.97; BP 119.55 ± 10.58), and O2•− (IC50 [µg/mL]: VF 0.71 ± 0.062; BP 0.79 ± 0.070). Both extracts (20 µg/mL) fully restored oxidative balance in hemin-stressed AC16 cardiomyocytes, without altering the expression of catalase, heme-oxygenase 1, superoxide dismutase 2, or ferritin. Anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages showed that VF (IC50 400 µg/mL) reduced NO release to control levels, while BP achieved a ~60% reduction. Cytotoxicity was assessed on cancer cell lines: CaCo-2 (IC50 [µg/mL]: VF 154.1 ± 6.22; BP 305.2 ± 15.94), MCF-7 (IC50 [µg/mL]: VF 624.6 ± 10.27; BP 917.9 ± 9.87), and A549 (IC50 [µg/mL]: VF 720.8 ± 13.66; BP 920.2 ± 16.79), with no cytotoxicity on normal fibroblasts HFF-1 (IC50 > 1000 µg/mL for both extracts). Finally, both extracts slightly inhibited only CYP1A2 (IC50 [µg/mL]: VF 497.45 ± 9.64; BP 719.72 ± 11.37) and CYP2D6 (IC50 [µg/mL]: VF 637.15 ± 14.78, BP 588.70 ± 11.01). These results support the potential reuse of O. majorana stems as a sustainable source of bioactive compounds for nutraceutical and health-related applications. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 2206 KiB  
Article
Innovative Use of Gallic Acid as a Crosslinking Agent for Gelatin: A Biocompatible Strategy for 3D-Printed Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering
by Teresa Carranza, Elias Hasan, Pedro Guerrero, Koro de la Caba and Ana Marina Ferreira
Pharmaceutics 2025, 17(8), 951; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17080951 - 22 Jul 2025
Viewed by 457
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Gallic acid, a natural phenolic compound, was used as a crosslinking agent to achieve protein–polyphenol conjugation under alkaline conditions, presenting an innovative approach to stabilize gelatin. Methods: The formulated inks were evaluated for their rheological properties and 3D printing performance. Once the [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Gallic acid, a natural phenolic compound, was used as a crosslinking agent to achieve protein–polyphenol conjugation under alkaline conditions, presenting an innovative approach to stabilize gelatin. Methods: The formulated inks were evaluated for their rheological properties and 3D printing performance. Once the scaffolds were printed, physicochemical properties were assessed by color changes and FTIR. Additionally, three different post-processing methods were studied to avoid toxicity: incubation in PBS, incubation in NaOH followed by PBS neutralization, and incubation in HCl followed by PBS neutralization. Results: The inks exhibited shear-thinning behavior with self-supporting capacity after extrusion, indicating their suitability for use as inks in 3D printing. After printing, changes in color and in the amide I band/amide II band ratio were observed due to alkaline oxidation, confirming the gelatin crosslinking. Among the tested treatments, incubation in PBS or NaOH followed by neutralizing with PBS proved to be the most suitable for obtaining cytocompatible scaffolds. The mechanical properties demonstrated the suitability of the proposed crosslinking systems for creating scaffolds. Conclusions: This strategy confirms that gallic acid-mediated crosslinking under alkaline conditions enables the fabrication of cytocompatible and mechanically stable gelatin-based scaffolds, making them suitable for tissue engineering. Full article
Show Figures

Graphical abstract

17 pages, 3345 KiB  
Article
Novel Tetraphenolic Porphyrazine Capable of MRSA Photoeradication
by Wojciech Szczolko, Eunice Zuchowska, Tomasz Koczorowski, Michal Kryjewski, Jolanta Dlugaszewska and Dariusz T. Mlynarczyk
Molecules 2025, 30(15), 3069; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30153069 - 22 Jul 2025
Viewed by 238
Abstract
This work presents the synthesis, characterization and evaluation of physicochemical and biological properties of two new aminoporphyrazine derivatives bearing magnesium(II) cations in their cores and peripheral pyrrolyl groups. The synthesis was carried out in several stages, using classical methods and the Microwave-Assisted Organic [...] Read more.
This work presents the synthesis, characterization and evaluation of physicochemical and biological properties of two new aminoporphyrazine derivatives bearing magnesium(II) cations in their cores and peripheral pyrrolyl groups. The synthesis was carried out in several stages, using classical methods and the Microwave-Assisted Organic Synthesis (MAOS) approach. The obtained compounds were characterized using spectral techniques: UV-Vis spectrophotometry, mass spectrometry, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The porphyrazine derivatives were tested for their electrochemical properties (CV and DPV), which revealed four redox processes, of which in compound 7 positive shifts of oxidation potentials were observed, resulting from the presence of free phenolic hydroxyl groups. In spectroelectrochemical measurements, changes in UV-Vis spectra associated with the formation of positive-charged states were noted. Photophysical studies revealed the presence of characteristic absorption Q and Soret bands, low fluorescence quantum yields and small Stokes shifts. The efficiency of singlet oxygen generation (ΦΔ) was higher for compound 6 (up to 0.06), but compound 7, despite its lower efficiency (0.02), was distinguished by a better biological activity profile. Toxicity tests using the Aliivibrio fischeri bacteria indicated the lower toxicity of 7 compared to 6. The most promising result was the strong photodynamic activity of porphyrazine 7 against the Methicillin-resistant Stapylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain, leading to a more-than-5.6-log decrease in viable counts after the colony forming units (CFU) after light irradiation. Compound 6 did not show any significant antibacterial activity. The obtained data indicate that porphyrazine 7 is a promising candidate for applications in photodynamic therapy of bacterial infections. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

Back to TopTop