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  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,780 Views
8 Pages

13 April 2020

Impervious surface temperature is a key parameter in impervious surface energy balance. Urban canopy models are now widely used to simulate impervious surface temperatures, but the physical assimilation method for the urban canopy model is still unde...

(This article belongs to the Section Biometeorology and Bioclimatology)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,116 Views
22 Pages

Necessity of a Multifaceted Approach in Analyzing Growth of Impervious Surfaces

  • Ghali Abdullahi Abubakar,
  • Jiexia Wu,
  • Amir Reza Shahtahmassebi and
  • Ke Wang

18 May 2020

While substantial efforts have been devoted to the remote sensing of impervious surfaces, few studies have developed frameworks to connect impervious surfaces’ growth with spatial planning decisions. To this end, this paper develops a multiface...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Environments: Issues, Processes, and Solutions)
  • Article
  • Open Access
438 Citations
28,277 Views
18 Pages

Global Distribution and Density of Constructed Impervious Surfaces

  • Christopher D. Elvidge,
  • Benjamin T. Tuttle,
  • Paul C. Sutton,
  • Kimberly E. Baugh,
  • Ara T. Howard,
  • Cristina Milesi,
  • Budhendra Bhaduri and
  • Ramakrishna Nemani

21 September 2007

We present the first global inventory of the spatial distribution and density ofconstructed impervious surface area (ISA). Examples of ISA include roads, parking lots,buildings, driveways, sidewalks and other manmade surfaces. While high spatialresol...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Remote Sensing of Land Surface Properties, Patterns and Processes)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,712 Views
12 Pages

Impervious Surfaces Do Not Impact Urban Tree Crown Growth

  • Peter Cybula,
  • Patricia R. Torquato,
  • Amy Hahs and
  • Stefan K. Arndt

14 January 2026

Tree canopies in urban areas have many important ecosystem functions, and councils have targets to increase urban tree canopy area, which has proved challenging. Urban centres have large areas of impervious surfaces, and there is a perception that im...

(This article belongs to the Section Urban Forestry)
  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
3,770 Views
13 Pages

Landscape Pattern Change of Impervious Surfaces and Its Driving Forces in Shanghai during 1965–2010

  • Yang Yao,
  • Sen Zhang,
  • Yuqing Shi,
  • Mengqi Xu,
  • Jiaquan Zhang,
  • Yongming Zhang and
  • Jun Zhao

16 July 2021

Rapid urbanization influences the landscape pattern of impervious surfaces, and potentially affects surface water quality. Using ArcGIS and Fragstats, this study analyzed the temporal change of the landscape pattern of impervious surfaces in Shanghai...

(This article belongs to the Section Urban Water Management)
  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
2,751 Views
16 Pages

21 March 2023

Impervious surface cover reflects the urban environment and urban expansion. Lhasa City is a historical city and one of the most populous on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, and has been experiencing rapid urbanization in recent years. Analyzing th...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Applications of Remote Sensing for Urban Sustainability)
  • Article
  • Open Access
30 Citations
6,327 Views
16 Pages

6 February 2018

The accurate mapping of impervious surfaces is of key significance for various urban applications. Usually, traditional methods extract the proportion image of impervious surfaces from remote sensing images; however, the proportion image cannot speci...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Remote Sensing Image Downscaling)
  • Article
  • Open Access
33 Citations
7,286 Views
20 Pages

Expansion of Impervious Surfaces and Their Driving Forces in Highly Urbanized Cities in Kyrgyzstan

  • Gulkaiyr Omurakunova,
  • Anming Bao,
  • Wenqiang Xu,
  • Eldiiar Duulatov,
  • Liangliang Jiang,
  • Peng Cai,
  • Farkhod Abdullaev,
  • Vincent Nzabarinda,
  • Khaydar Durdiev and
  • Makhabat Baiseitova

The expansion of urban areas due to population increase and economic expansion creates demand and depletes natural resources, thereby causing land use changes in the main cities. This study focuses on land cover datasets to characterize impervious su...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Spatio-Temporal Environmental Monitoring and Social Sensing)
  • Article
  • Open Access
47 Citations
8,944 Views
19 Pages

Automatic Detection of Impervious Surfaces from Remotely Sensed Data Using Deep Learning

  • Jash R. Parekh,
  • Ate Poortinga,
  • Biplov Bhandari,
  • Timothy Mayer,
  • David Saah and
  • Farrukh Chishtie

10 August 2021

The large scale quantification of impervious surfaces provides valuable information for urban planning and socioeconomic development. Remote sensing and GIS techniques provide spatial and temporal information of land surfaces and are widely used for...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Machine Learning Techniques Applied to Geosciences and Remote Sensing)
  • Article
  • Open Access
35 Citations
6,765 Views
16 Pages

26 December 2019

Impervious surface is the major component of urban areas, and it has been widely considered as the key for assessing the degree of urban sprawl. While the effectiveness of applying spectral mixture analysis (SMA) and spectral indices in mapping urban...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
3,965 Views
25 Pages

Impact Quantification of Decentralization in Urban Growth by Extracting Impervious Surfaces Using ISEI in Model Maker

  • Nana Yaw Danquah Twumasi,
  • Chikondi Chisenga,
  • Nayyer Saleem,
  • Neema Nicodemus Lyimo and
  • Orhan Altan

3 January 2020

Decentralization problems in Africa have caused some infrastructure disparity between country capitals and distant districts. In Ghana, less public investment has created a gap between implementation results and theoretical benefits. Spectral indices...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
4,406 Views
17 Pages

Optimization of Modelling Population Density Estimation Based on Impervious Surfaces

  • Jinyu Zang,
  • Ting Zhang,
  • Longqian Chen,
  • Long Li,
  • Weiqiang Liu,
  • Lina Yuan,
  • Yu Zhang,
  • Ruiyang Liu,
  • Zhiqiang Wang and
  • Jia Wang
  • + 1 author

28 July 2021

Population data are key indicators of policymaking, public health, and land use in urban and ecological systems; however, traditional censuses are time-consuming, expensive, and laborious. This study proposes a method of modelling population density...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Land Use Futures for a Sustainable Anthropocene)
  • Review
  • Open Access
45 Citations
7,601 Views
19 Pages

14 May 2023

Urban impervious surface (UIS) is a key parameter in climate change, environmental change, and sustainability. UIS extraction has been evolving rapidly in the past decades. However, high-resolution impervious surface mapping is a long-term need. Ther...

(This article belongs to the Section Urban Remote Sensing)
  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
3,956 Views
14 Pages

25 June 2021

Impervious surfaces have been widely considered as the key indicator for evaluating urbanization and environmental quality. As one of the most widely applied methods, spectral mixture analysis (SMA) has been commonly used for mapping urban impervious...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Remote Sensing of Urban Impervious Surfaces: Mapping, Monitoring, and Modeling the Dynamics of Urban Impervious Surfaces with Multisource Remote Sensing Data)
  • Article
  • Open Access
32 Citations
5,465 Views
19 Pages

Monitoring Spatiotemporal Changes of Impervious Surfaces in Beijing City Using Random Forest Algorithm and Textural Features

  • Xuegang Dong,
  • Zhiguo Meng,
  • Yongzhi Wang,
  • Yuanzhi Zhang,
  • Haoteng Sun and
  • Qingshuai Wang

5 January 2021

As the capital city of China, Beijing has experienced unprecedented economic and population growth and dramatic impervious surface changes during the last few decades. An application of the classification method combining the spectral and textural fe...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Remote Sensing Applications in Urban Areas)
  • Article
  • Open Access
41 Citations
9,803 Views
18 Pages

6 October 2022

Decades of urbanization have created sprawling, complex, and vulnerable cities, half of which are located in water-scarce areas. With the looming effects of climate change, including increasing droughts and water shortages, there is an urgent need to...

(This article belongs to the Section Hydrogeology)
  • Article
  • Open Access
34 Citations
6,489 Views
23 Pages

3 August 2021

Urbanization increases the amount of impervious surfaces, making accurate information on spatial and temporal expansion trends essential; the challenge is to develop a cost- and labor-effective technique that is compatible with the assessment of mult...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Data Fusion for Urban Applications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
107 Citations
7,781 Views
21 Pages

8 January 2020

The effect of the expansion of urban impervious surfaces on surface urban heat islands (UHIs) has attracted research attention due to its relevance for studies of local climatic change and habitat comfort. In this study, using five satellite images o...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Urbanization Using GIS and Remote Sensing in Developing Countries)
  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
3,464 Views
20 Pages

16 November 2023

This study utilizes multi-sensor satellite images and machine learning methodology to analyze urban impervious surfaces, with a particular focus on Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China. The results indicate that combining multiple optical satellite imag...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Remote Sensing of Coastal Waters, Land Use/Cover, Lakes, Rivers and Watersheds III)
  • Article
  • Open Access
80 Citations
7,092 Views
15 Pages

31 August 2018

This study explores the performance of Sentinel-2A Multispectral Instrument (MSI) imagery for extracting urban impervious surface using a modified linear spectral mixture analysis (MLSMA) method. Sentinel-2A MSI provided 10 m red, green, blue, and ne...

(This article belongs to the Section Remote Sensors)
  • Article
  • Open Access
25 Citations
5,432 Views
22 Pages

26 February 2019

As an effective indicator of urbanization, impervious surfaces play a significant role in urban planning and ecological protection. It is, therefore, important to characterize impervious surfaces in urban geographical studies. As a key city in East C...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Sprawl and Sustainability)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,294 Views
20 Pages

2 July 2024

Impervious surfaces serve as critical indicators for monitoring urbanization processes and assessing urban ecological conditions. The precise extraction and analysis of the spatiotemporal variations in impervious surfaces are essential for informing...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,756 Views
17 Pages

The effective extraction of impervious surfaces is critical to monitor their expansion and ensure the sustainable development of cities. Open geographic data can provide a large number of training samples for machine learning methods based on remote-...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
5,576 Views
24 Pages

29 March 2023

Germany aims to reduce soil sealing to under 30 hectares per day by 2030 to address negative environmental impacts from the expansion of impervious surfaces. As cities adapt to climate change, spatially explicit very high-resolution information about...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Planning Supported by Remote Sensing Technology)
  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
4,015 Views
20 Pages

23 October 2024

Cities are significantly warmer than their surrounding rural environments. Known as the ‘urban heat island effect’, it can affect the health of urban residents and lead to increased energy use, public health impacts, and damage to infrast...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Green Infrastructure: Enhancing Resilience and Well-Being in the Face of Climate Change and Urbanization)
  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
3,745 Views
16 Pages

31 October 2021

Different urban growth patterns have various impact degrees on the urban ecosystem and environment. Impervious surface, a typical artificial construction can be used to reflect urban development. Therefore, this study estimated the spatiotemporal dyn...

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
3,548 Views
26 Pages

Dynamic Changes, Spatiotemporal Differences, and Ecological Effects of Impervious Surfaces in the Yellow River Basin, 1986–2020

  • Jing Zhang,
  • Jiaqiang Du,
  • Shifeng Fang,
  • Zhilu Sheng,
  • Yangchengsi Zhang,
  • Bingqing Sun,
  • Jialin Mao and
  • Lijuan Li

2 January 2023

Impervious surfaces (IS) are one of the most important components of the earth’s surface, and understanding how IS have expanded is vital. However, few studies on IS or urbanization have focused on the cradle of the Chinese nation—the Yel...

(This article belongs to the Section Remote Sensing Image Processing)
  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
3,827 Views
29 Pages

1 December 2022

The aim of this study is to extract impervious surfaces and show their spatial distribution, using different machine learning algorithms. For this purpose, geoprocessing and remote sensing techniques were used and three classification methods for dig...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Artificial Intelligence and Optimization Methods in Construction Industry)
  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
4,060 Views
24 Pages

11 January 2019

Hyperspectral images (HSIs) provide unique capabilities for urban impervious surfaces (UIS) extraction. This paper proposes a multi-feature extraction model (MFEM) for UIS detection from HSIs. The model is based on a nonlinear dimensionality reductio...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hyperspectral Imagery for Urban Environment)
  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
3,656 Views
23 Pages

14 September 2021

It is necessary to understand the relationship between the impervious surface area (ISA) distribution, variation trends and potential driving forces over Dongying, Shandong Province. We extracted ISA information from Landsat images with 3–5 year inte...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Remote Sensing of Urban Impervious Surfaces: Mapping, Monitoring, and Modeling the Dynamics of Urban Impervious Surfaces with Multisource Remote Sensing Data)
  • Article
  • Open Access
266 Views
31 Pages

7 August 2026

Photovoltaic power stations and impervious surfaces are difficult to distinguish from spectrally similar arid-region backgrounds, and their large differences in scale and spatial form further complicate joint extraction. This study proposes DBKNet, a...

(This article belongs to the Section AI Remote Sensing)
  • Article
  • Open Access
47 Citations
9,663 Views
17 Pages

9 February 2012

Impervious surface area (ISA) is considered as an indicator of environment change and is regarded as an important input parameter for hydrological cycle simulation, water management and area pollution assessment. The Pearl River Delta (PRD), the 3rd...

(This article belongs to the Section Remote Sensors)
  • Article
  • Open Access
20 Citations
5,196 Views
18 Pages

Optical–SAR Data Fusion Based on Simple Layer Stacking and the XGBoost Algorithm to Extract Urban Impervious Surfaces in Global Alpha Cities

  • Muhammad Nasar Ahmad,
  • Zhenfeng Shao,
  • Akib Javed,
  • Israr Ahmad,
  • Fakhrul Islam,
  • Hariklia D. Skilodimou and
  • George D. Bathrellos

1 March 2024

This study proposes a fusion approach to enhancing urban remote sensing applications by integrating SAR (Sentinel-1) and optical (Landsat-8) satellite datasets. The fusion technique combines feature-based fusion and simple layer stacking (SLS) to imp...

(This article belongs to the Section Urban Remote Sensing)
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
6,121 Views
27 Pages

Academic performance (AP) is explained by a multitude of factors, principally by those related to socioeconomic, cultural, and educational environments. However, AP is less understood from a spatial perspective. The aim of this study was to investiga...

  • Article
  • Open Access
22 Citations
4,489 Views
15 Pages

28 June 2019

The area of urban impervious surfaces is one of the most important indicators for determining the level of urbanisation and the quality of the environment and is rapidly increasing with the acceleration of urbanisation in developing countries. This p...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Coastal Deposits: Environmental Implications, Mathematical Modeling and Technological Development)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,805 Views
13 Pages

Correlation Between Impervious Surface and Surface Temperature Change in Typical Urban Agglomerations—The Case Study of Xuzhou City, China

  • Yandong Gao,
  • Huiqin Liu,
  • Hua Zhang,
  • Nanshan Zheng,
  • Shijin Li,
  • Shubi Zhang,
  • Di Zhang,
  • Zhi Li and
  • Chao Yan

17 December 2024

Impervious areas are one of the important indicators for evaluating the urbanization process, while surface temperature is one of the reference factors for evaluating the urban environment. In order to investigate whether the spatial distribution of...

  • Article
  • Open Access
62 Citations
13,989 Views
9 Pages

The Impact of Impervious Surface on Water Quality and Its Threshold in Korea

  • Hakkwan Kim,
  • Hanseok Jeong,
  • Jihye Jeon and
  • Seungjong Bae

23 March 2016

The change in the impervious-pervious balance has significantly altered the stream water quality, and thus the threshold of the impervious surface area in the watershed has been an active research topic for many years. The objective of this study is...

  • Article
  • Open Access
104 Citations
16,731 Views
18 Pages

12 September 2017

Impervious surface area (ISA) is a key factor for monitoring urban environment and land development. Automatic mapping of impervious surfaces has attracted growing attention in recent years. Spectral built-up indices are considered promising to map I...

  • Article
  • Open Access
102 Citations
10,421 Views
21 Pages

12 November 2016

The proliferation of impervious surfaces results in a series of environmental issues, such as the decrease of vegetated areas and the aggravation of the urban heat island effects. The mapping of impervious surface and its spatial distributions is of...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Monitoring of Land Changes)
  • Article
  • Open Access
31 Citations
6,751 Views
16 Pages

1 June 2017

The retrieval of impervious surface information is a hot topic in remote sensing. However, researches on impervious surface retrieval from hyperspectral remote sensing imagery are rare. This paper illustrates a case study of information extraction fr...

  • Article
  • Open Access
42 Citations
6,237 Views
23 Pages

An Impervious Surface Spectral Index on Multispectral Imagery Using Visible and Near-Infrared Bands

  • Shanshan Su,
  • Jia Tian,
  • Xinyu Dong,
  • Qingjiu Tian,
  • Ning Wang and
  • Yanbiao Xi

14 July 2022

The accurate mapping of urban impervious surfaces from remote sensing images is crucial for understanding urban land-cover change and addressing impervious-surface-change-related environment issues. To date, the authors of most studies have built ind...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
3,018 Views
18 Pages

A Novel Bayes Approach to Impervious Surface Extraction from High-Resolution Remote Sensing Images

  • Mingchang Wang,
  • Wen Ding,
  • Fengyan Wang,
  • Yulian Song,
  • Xueye Chen and
  • Ziwei Liu

22 May 2022

Impervious surface as an evaluation indicator of urbanization is crucial for urban planning and management. It is necessary to obtain impervious surface information with high accuracy and resolution to meet dynamic monitoring under rapid urban develo...

(This article belongs to the Section Remote Sensors)
  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
3,865 Views
20 Pages

Automatic Extraction of Urban Impervious Surface Based on SAH-Unet

  • Ruichun Chang,
  • Dong Hou,
  • Zhe Chen and
  • Ling Chen

14 February 2023

Increases in the area of impervious surfaces have occurred with urbanization. Such surfaces are an important indicator of urban expansion and the natural environment. The automatic extraction of impervious surface data can provide useful information...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Resilience with Remote Sensing - Observation, Measurement, Evaluation and Applications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
3,301 Views
21 Pages

9 November 2021

Impervious surfaces are key indicators for urbanization monitoring and watershed degradation assessment over space and time. However, most empirical studies only extracted impervious surface from spatial, temporal or spectral perspectives, paying les...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Geospatial Data Analysis for Change Detection)
  • Article
  • Open Access
675 Views
16 Pages

Urban Expansion and Butterfly Diversity: The Synergistic Effects of Impervious Surface and Vegetation Cover

  • Jinlu Zhang,
  • Zhouyang Liao,
  • Xuemei Shen,
  • Mi Zhu,
  • Xiaozhang Chen,
  • Zhibo Feng and
  • Yuan Zhang

Under the background of global urbanization, the impacts of urban expansion on biodiversity are becoming increasingly significant. Butterflies, as key ecological indicator species and important pollinators, are crucial for studying population dynamic...

(This article belongs to the Collection Butterfly Diversity and Conservation)
  • Article
  • Open Access
38 Citations
7,594 Views
17 Pages

17 April 2017

Impervious surface area (ISA) is an important parameter for many studies such as urban climate, urban environmental change, and air pollution; however, mapping ISA at the regional or global scale is still challenging due to the complexity of impervio...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Remote Sensing with Nighttime Lights)
  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
5,570 Views
16 Pages

4 February 2020

The quantification of impervious surface through remote sensing provides critical information for urban planning and environmental management. The acquisition of quality reference data and the selection of effective predictor variables are two factor...

(This article belongs to the Section Urban Remote Sensing)
  • Article
  • Open Access
44 Citations
5,454 Views
28 Pages

With the rapid expansion of impervious surfaces, urban waterlogging has become a typical “urban disease” in China, seriously hindering the sustainable development of cities. Therefore, reducing the impact of impervious surfaces on surface...

(This article belongs to the Section Environmental Science and Engineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
53 Citations
5,883 Views
20 Pages

16 May 2018

An impervious surface is considered one of main factors affecting urban waterlogging. Previous studies found that spatial pattern (composition and configuration) of impervious surfaces affected urban waterlogging. However, their relative importance r...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances and Applications in Measuring, Representing, and Comparing Spatial Landscape Patterns)
  • Article
  • Open Access
71 Citations
8,337 Views
23 Pages

22 September 2018

The distribution and dynamic changes in impervious surface areas (ISAs) are crucial to understanding urbanization and its impact on urban heat islands, earth surface energy balance, hydrological cycles, and biodiversity. Remotely sensed data play an...

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