Despite the presentation of similar psychological symptoms, psychological dysfunction secondary to brain injury exhibits markedly lower treatment efficacy compared to injury-independent psychological dysfunction. This gap remains evident, despite ext...
Background/Objectives: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a complex condition and a leading cause of injury-related disability and death, with significant impacts on patient outcomes. Extracranial organ involvement plays a critical role in the outcome o...
A mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a complex pathophysiologic process that has a systemic effect on the body aside from solely an impairment in cognitive function. Dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) has been found to induce abnorm...
12 August 2020
Sepsis-associated brain dysfunction (SABD) may be the most common type of encephalopathy in critically ill patients. SABD develops in up to 70% of septic patients and represents the most frequent organ insufficiency associated with sepsis. It present...
17 November 2022
As we know, with continuous medical progress, the treatment of many diseases can be conducted via surgery, which often relies on general anaesthesia for its satisfactory performance. With the widespread use of general anaesthetics, people are beginni...
Objective: To evaluate neurogenic bladder and bowel dysfunction (NBBD) in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and acquired brain injury (ABI), a condition considered less frequent in those patients than in children with spinal cord injury (SCI), and to...
Cranial radiotherapy is a known risk factor for neurocognitive impairment in cancer survivors. Although radiation-induced cognitive dysfunction is observed in patients of all ages, children seem to be more vulnerable than adults to suffering age-rela...
Iron deficiency is the most common micronutrient deficiency in the world. Women of reproductive age and young children are particularly vulnerable. Iron deficiency in late prenatal and early postnatal periods can lead to long-term neurobehavioral def...
This study evaluated the effect of ulinastatin on blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction in rats with postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) following general anaesthesia with isoflurane. Specifically, we examined BBB permeability and the ex...
In stroke patients, the development of acute kidney injury (AKI) is closely linked with worse outcomes and increased mortality. In this study, the interplay between post-stroke and AKI and treatment options was investigated in a rodent model of hemor...
Background: Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction remains a major problem after heart transplantation and may be associated with brain death (BD) in a donor. A calcineurin inhibitor tacrolimus was recently found to have beneficial effects on heart funct...
Background: Sexual dysfunction (SD) is a common yet under-recognized consequence of traumatic brain injury (TBI), with significant implications for physical health, psychological well-being, interpersonal relationships and social reintegration. Altho...
The syndromes of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) encompass a group of invalidating and progressive rare diseases that share the abnormal accumulation of iron in the basal ganglia. The onset of NBIA disorders ranges from infancy...
The incidence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) increases dramatically with advanced age and accumulating evidence indicates that age is one of the important predictors of an unfavorable prognosis after brain trauma. Unfortunately, thus far, evidence-b...
22 May 2020
Sepsis-associated brain dysfunction (SABD) with increased intracranial pressure (ICP) is a complex pathology that can lead to unfavorable outcome. Ultrasonographic measurement of optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) is used for non-invasive assessment...
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), often resulting from aneurysmal rupture, remains a life-threatening cerebrovascular disorder with high morbidity and mortality. While previous research has focused primarily on cerebral damage and neurological outcomes,...
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with multifactorial etiology, characterized by impairment in two main functional areas: (1) communication and social interactions, and (2) skills, interests and activities. ASD p...
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) and Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) have traditionally been viewed as disorders of distinct organ systems. IBS is a gut–brain axis disorder characterized by abdominal pain, altered bow...
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) constitutes one of the primary causes of mortality globally. While many survivors fully recover, others experience several chronic complications that, if left untreated, negatively affect the patient’s quality of li...
Isothiazolinone (IT) biocides are potent antibacterial substances commonly used as preservatives or disinfectants, and 2-n-Octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (OIT; octhilinone) is a common IT biocide that is present in leather products, glue, paints, and cle...
Aging occurs along with multiple pathological problems in various organs. The aged brain, especially, shows a reduction in brain mass, neuronal cell death, energy dysregulation, and memory loss. Brain aging is influenced by altered metabolites both i...
Impairments of executive function following acquired brain injury including stroke (ABI) contribute significantly to long-lasting everyday difficulties in life. Pilot work on the CO-OP ApproachTM (Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performan...
Background: Endothelial dysfunction is implicated in various inflammatory diseases such as ischemic stroke, heart attack, organ failure, and COVID-19. Recent studies have shown that endothelial dysfunction in the brain is attributed to excessive infl...
Oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) is the basic function of mitochondria, although the landscape of mitochondrial functions is continuously growing to include more aspects of cellular homeostasis. Thanks to the application of -omics technologies to t...
Background: The ability of scientists and clinicians to detect the therapeutic needs of patients with brain damage has increased in recent years. In this sense, many studies have signaled that individuals tend to experience an increase in irritabilit...
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in childhood is a major global health concern and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the pediatric population. Its incidence is rising worldwide, with early childhood and adolescence representing the most vulne...
Brain capillary endothelial cells form the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which is covered with basement membranes and is also surrounded by pericytes and astrocyte end-feet in the neurovascular unit. The BBB tightly regulates the molecular exchange betw...
Globally, cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are increasingly being viewed not only as a marker for cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) but also as having an increased risk for the development of stroke (hemorrhagic/ischemic) and aging-related dementia. Rec...
The blood-brain barrier (BBB), which consists mainly of brain microvascular endothelial cells and astrocytes connected by tight junctions (TJs) and adhesion molecules (AMs), maintains the homeostatic balance between brain parenchyma and extracellular...
The brain-gut axis (BGA) is a significant bidirectional communication pathway between the brain and gut. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) induced neurotoxicity and neuroinflammation can affect gut functions through BGA. N6-methyladenosine (m6A), as the m...
As the most abundant cell types in the brain, astrocytes form a tissue-wide signaling network that is responsible for maintaining brain homeostasis and regulating various brain activities. Here, we review some of the essential functions that astrocyt...
Vacuolar-type ATPase (v-ATPase) is a multimeric protein complex that regulates H+ transport across membranes and intra-cellular organelle acidification. Catabolic processes, such as endocytic degradation and autophagy, strictly rely on v-ATPase-depen...
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is essential for maintaining brain homeostasis by regulating molecular exchange between the systemic circulation and the central nervous system. However, its dysfunction, often driven by peripheral inflammatory pro...
Statins have neuroprotective effects on neurological diseases, including a pleiotropic effect possibly related to blood–brain barrier (BBB) function. In this study, we investigated the effects of pitavastatin (PTV) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced...
This review discusses the potential mechanistic role of abnormally elevated mitochondrial proton leak and mitochondrial bioenergetic dysfunction in the pathogenesis of neonatal brain and lung injuries associated with premature birth. Providing suppor...
Unhealthy diet promotes progression of metabolic disorders and brain dysfunction with aging. Green tea extracts (GTEs) have various beneficial effects and alleviate metabolic disorders. GTEs have neuroprotective effects in rodent models, but their ef...
HIV, primarily targeting CD4 cells, infiltrates the CNS through various mechanisms, including chemokine-mediated signaling and blood–brain barrier disruption, leading to neuroinflammation and neuronal dysfunction. Viral proteins such as gp120,...
The incidence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) has increased over the last years with an important impact on public health. Many preclinical and clinical studies identified multiple and heterogeneous TBI-related pathophysiological mechanisms that are...
We present this Special Issue of Brain Sciences, titled “Role of Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Metabolic Dysfunction in Neurodevelopmental and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Pharmacological Targets and Therapeutic Interventions”, which...
We aimed to evaluate the brain hypometabolic signature of persistent isolated olfactory dysfunction after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Twenty-two patients underwent whole-body [18F]-FDG PET, including a dedicated brain acquisition at our institution between...
Mitochondrial function has been closely associated with normal aging and age-related diseases. Age-associated declines in mitochondrial function, such as changes in oxygen consumption rate, cytochrome c oxidase activity of complex IV, and mitochondri...
Sports-associated traumatic brain injury is emerging as an under-recognized driver of acute and chronic cardiovascular diseases. Larger population-based studies show that individuals with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury experience up to a t...
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is essential for protection and plays a crucial role in chronic neurological disorders like small-vessel disease and Alzheimer’s disease. Its complexity poses significant challenges for effective diagnostics...
Increasing evidence suggests that the Translocase of Outer Mitochondria Membrane 40 (TOMM40) gene may contribute to the risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Currently, there is no consensus as to whether TOMM40 expression is up- or down-regulated in AD...
Objectives: Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), the main metabolites released from the gut microbiota, are altered during hypertension and obesity. SCFAs play a beneficial role in the cardiovascular system. However, the effect of SCFAs on cerebrovascula...
The review compares the principles of organization of the brain and immune system, two important organs developed over 500 million years in multicellular organisms, including humans. It summarizes the latest results from research in neurosciences and...
The blood-brain barrier (BBB), composed of brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMEC) that are tightly linked by tight junction (TJ) proteins, restricts the movement of molecules between the periphery and the central nervous system. Elevated system...
Vasohibins (VASHs), comprising VASH-1 and VASH-2, were initially identified as regulators of angiogenesis. Recent studies, however, have unveiled their novel role in fibrosis and microtubule detyrosination. The dysregulated expression of VASHs is ass...
Brain dysfunction is associated with poor outcome in critically ill patients. In a post hoc analysis of the Intensive Care over Nations (ICON) database, we investigated the effect of brain dysfunction on hospital mortality in critically ill patients....
Objectives: We aimed to determine temporal patterns of blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction, edema formation and functional recovery in acute stroke. Materials and Methods: Patients of two observational studies on ischemic and hemorrhagic stro...
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