Search Results (556)

There is little evidence of the implementation of the Principles for Responsible Investment in Agriculture and Food Systems between universities and businesses, and there is even less research that prioritizes people and implements sustainable development with a territorial focus. In this article, we address a form of collaborative work that integrates academia with business, where the Principles for Responsible Investment in Agriculture and Food Systems (CFS-RIA) are seen as an opportunity to promote and strengthen the management of a business in the communities where it operates, and determine a new way of working from its links with the university. The experience is developed in the provinces of Santiago Rodríguez, Valverde (Mao), and Dajabón in the Dominican Republic, with the aim of contributing, using this new approach, to economic, social, environmental, and governance development in the territory. The conceptual and methodological basis for the university–business link is Working With People, a model that integrates key elements of planning such as social learning, collaborative participation, and project management models. The main catalysts of the experience are the business values and the stakeholders who insert the principles into their programs and projects. Among these is an innovative Family Social Responsibility Program with female entrepreneurs and organic banana production. It is concluded that the implementation of the CFS-RIA Principles has a significant impact on the sustainable development of the region and that the university–business link reinforces the social responsibility of companies, providing an opportunity for the entry of new actors. Full article

Down Syndrome (DS) is the most common chromosomal abnormality characterized by neurodevelopmental impairment. Apart from maternal age, its risk factors remain poorly understood. This prospective case-control study aimed to evaluate the role of maternal anti-zona pellucida (ZP) antibodies (Ab) and anti-thyroid-Ab in predicting DS. Correlations of anti-ZP-Ab and anti-thyroid-Ab with maternal age were also assessed. Anti-ZP-Ab were measured after childbirth using ELISA. Anti-thyroid peroxidase (aTPO) and anti-thyroglobulin (aTgII) antibodies were also analysed with the Allelica IM platform. Statistical analyses included receiver operating characteristic curve assessment, expressed as area under the curve (AUC) and linear regression modeling. Between September 2020 and October 2022, 58 women were enrolled. Anti-ZP-Ab levels were significantly higher in women with DS pregnancy with an odds ratio adjusted for maternal age of 71.52 (95% CI: 7.05–725.18) and an excellent predictive performance (AUC = 0.94; 95% CI: 0.88–1.00). For optical density levels > 1, the accuracy was 89.7% (95% CI: 78.2–100.0). No statistically significant differences were observed for aTPO and aTgII. Neither Anti-ZP-Ab nor anti-thyroid antibodies increased with age. These findings suggest that Anti-ZP-Ab are strongly associated with DS risk, suggesting a potential age-independent autoimmune contribution to trisomy 21. Their evaluation may support preconception counseling, especially for women aged > 35 years. Future studies could clarify causality and define the role of maternal autoimmunity in DS etiology. Full article

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the selective loss of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) and the accumulation of misfolded α-synuclein (aSyn). In addition to neuronal pathology, activated microglia are recognized as key mediators of the neuroinflammatory milieu in PD, contributing to DAergic neuron vulnerability. Emerging evidence suggests that the immune system, particularly T-cell-mediated responses, plays a key role in the pathogenesis of PD. However, the heterogeneity of these immune responses across species and preclinical models with varying regenerative capacities remains poorly understood. A comparative analysis of T-cell infiltration, astroglial reactivity, and DAergic neuronal loss across multiple models and species was performed. These included acute DAergic degeneration induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), genetically modified mice with accumulation of aSyn (Thy1-aSyn L61 model), adult zebrafish exposed to MPTP-induced neurotoxicity and human post-mortem midbrain tissue obtained from PD patients. Zebrafish exhibited transient DAergic neurodegeneration, followed by neuronal regeneration and temporary CD4⁺ T-cell infiltration accompanied by an astroglial response and activation of microglia. In contrast, MPTP-treated mice showed a permanent neuronal loss, marked microglial activation, increased astrogliosis and CD8⁺ T-cell infiltration that was negatively correlated with neuronal survival. By contrast, L61 mice exhibited progressive aSyn accumulation with chronic astrogliosis, mild activation of microglia and CD4⁺ T-cell infiltration not directly linked to neuronal loss. Unlike age-matched controls, the SN from PD brains exhibited DAergic degeneration, aSyn aggregation, and elevated CD3⁺ T-cell infiltration, and increased microglial activation. These changes correlated with neuronal loss and aSyn burden. These findings emphasize the species- and model-specific immune profiles underlying PD pathology. Our results reveal that CD4⁺ T-cells contribute to neuronal regeneration following injury in zebrafish. This process is absent in the MPTP and L61 mouse models, which are instead driven by CD8⁺ or CD4⁺, respectively. This work underscores the potential of targeted immunomodulation aimed at T cell–glial interactions to slow neurodegeneration and promote repair in PD. Full article

Extreme weather events, particularly marine heatwaves (MHWs), increasingly threaten aquaculture systems worldwide by impairing animal physiology and economical sustainability. This showcases the need to develop nutritional approaches that enhance animal performance under sub-optimal conditions. This study evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation with the brown macroalga Laminaria digitata (whole dried powder or extract) on the antioxidant status, digestive activity, and lipid metabolism of juvenile Sparus aurata exposed to a simulated MHW. Fish were fed four diets (control, 0.3% extract, and 0.3% or 1.5% powder) for 30 days before being exposed to a category III Mediterranean MHW. Under optimal temperature, macroalgae supplementation reduced oxidative status (lower catalase activity). The powder-feeds decreased lipid peroxidation, while the extract-feed elicited the opposite. All supplemented diets reduced proteolytic activity, and the extract-feed also decreased amylase activity. The MHW impaired gastrointestinal antioxidant defenses and liver lipid metabolism, decreasing catalase and glutathione S-transferase activities, as well as ΣPUFA n-6, 16:1 n-7, and 18:2 n-6 levels. The 0.3% powder-feed mitigated MHW-induced reductions in antioxidant activity, while both 0.3%-diets prevented thermal stress-related alterations on fatty acid profile. Overall, L. digitata powder at 0.3% was most effective at enhancing thermal stress resilience, supporting its value as a functional aquafeed ingredient. Full article

Communal Reverie, a group practice designed to facilitate the cultivation of collective imaginal attunement, has been framed a “collective wisdom technology.” It draws significant influence from the philosophy and practical protocols informing Collective Presencing, a modality of “we-space” practice developed by Ria Baeck. It is further informed by philosophical, mystical, and psychological traditions that advance various conceptions concerning the autonomous imagination’s value, both as a source of knowledge and a crucial element in transformative practice. Communal Reverie, to my present knowledge, is a distinctive practice modality insofar as it applies the technique of sourcing in service of a collective modality of imaginal encounter. The aspirations guiding the continual refinement of Communal Reverie’s theoretical and practical foundations are informed, most fundamentally, by thought traditions emphasizing engagement with the imaginal as a means toward advancing the evolutionary emergence of a modality of consciousness capable of assuming a co-creative and participatory role in relationship with transrational influences of a spiritual nature. The achievement of such participation may, furthermore, entail fundamental transformations in the phenomenal experience of both selfhood and time. Full article

Estuarine organisms experience frequent fluctuations in salinity and temperature, facing major challenges to their physiological homeostasis. Such variability can promote high energetic costs for osmoregulation, potentially reducing tolerance to additional stressors. We investigated the effect of salinity on the thermal tolerance of the estuarine amphipod Melita palmata (Montagu, 1804), a species of growing interest for aquaculture, either as live feed or as a potential source for essential fatty acids in formulated diets. The critical thermal maximum (CTmax) was determined for males and females collected from three sites within a temperate coastal lagoon (Ria de Aveiro, Portugal) characterized by different salinity regimes (15, 20, and 30). Individuals from lower-salinity environments exhibited significantly lower CTmax values than those from higher salinities, indicating that osmoregulatory costs may restrict thermal resistance. No significant sex-based differences in CTmax were detected. However, thermal safety margins (TSMs) increased with salinity, indicating greater thermal tolerance under higher salinity conditions, and differences in body condition index (BCI) between sites suggest salinity-related effects on growth performance. These results highlight that the elevated energetic demands of osmoregulation under hypo-osmotic conditions can constrain the thermal limits of M. palmata, underscoring the complex trade-offs between environmental variability and physiological performance in estuarine habitats. Beyond its ecological implications, understanding the physiological responses of M. palmata to salinity and temperature is key, optimising its use in aquaculture. The species’ physiological plasticity under such variable conditions reinforces its suitability for aquaculture production, particularly in earthen ponds in estuarine environments. Full article

Dementia disrupts communication not only as a cognitive process but as a relational practice, leaving people living with dementia (PLwD) at risk of exclusion when language fragments. This study examines how communication closeness, the felt sense of being understood, emotionally attuned, and socially connected, might be supported through Research in and through Design (Ri&tD). Drawing on formative mixed-reality studies and a participatory co-design workshop with PLwD, caregivers, and stakeholders, we iteratively developed a series of playful artifacts culminating in Neighbourly, a tactile board game designed to support relational interaction through rule-based, multimodal play. Across this design genealogy, prototypes were treated as Living Counter-Maps: participatory mappings that made patterns of gesture, rhythm, shared attention, and material engagement visible and discussable. Through iterative interpretation and synthesis, the study identifies three guiding principles for designing for communication closeness: supporting co-regulation rather than correction, enabling multimodal reciprocity, and providing a shared material focus for joint agency. The paper consolidates these insights in the Living Counter-Maps Framework, which integrates counter-mapping and Ri&tD as a methodological approach for studying and designing relational communication in dementia care. Full article

While improvements in the spectral and spatial resolution of satellite imagery have opened up new prospects for large-scale environmental monitoring, this potential has remained largely unrealised in dune ecogeomorphology. This is especially true for Mediterranean coastal dunes, where the highly mixed and sparse vegetation requires high resolution satellites and spectral unmixing techniques. To achieve this aim, we employed random forest regressors to predict the fractional cover of dune plant species in two of the sandy barriers of Ria Formosa (S. Portugal) from WorldView-2 imagery (June 2024). The algorithm, tested with spatially upscaled multispectral drone data and satellite imagery, detected the fractional cover of major species (most abundant classes and bushy vegetation) with reasonable to very good accuracy (coefficient of determination, CoD: 0.4 to 0.8) for the former and reasonable to good accuracy (CoD: 0.4 to 0.6) for the latter. Additional tests showed that (a) including the distance to the shoreline can increase model accuracy (CoD by ~0.1); (b) the grouping of species resulted in an insignificant increase in model skill; and (c) testing over independent dune plots showed generalisation beyond the training set and low risk of overfitting or noise. Overall, the approach showed promising results for large-scale observations in highly mixed coastal dunes. Full article

Softwood-based composites are increasingly used in structural and nonstructural applications owing to their renewability, cost-effectiveness, and favorable strength-to-weight performance. This study applies a systematic literature review and comparative analysis, drawing on approximately 140 sources, to synthesize current knowledge on the physicochemical, mechanical, thermal, and environmental characteristics of engineered wood products derived from softwood species. The intrinsic lignocellulosic composition of softwood, comprising roughly 40%–45% cellulose, 25%–30% hemicelluloses (with mannose as the predominant sugar), and 27%–30% lignin, strongly influences hydrophilicity, stiffness, and thermal behavior. Mechanical properties vary across engineered wood product classes; for example, plywood exhibits a modulus of rupture of 33.72–42.61 MPa and a modulus of elasticity of 6.96–8.55 GPa. Microstructural and spectroscopic analyses highlight the importance of fiber–matrix interactions, chemical bonding, and surface modifications in determining composite performance. Emerging advanced materials, such as scrimber, with densities of 800–1390 kg/m³, and fluorescent transparent wood, achieving optical transmittance above 70%–85%, demonstrate the expanding functional potential of softwood-based composites. Sustainability assessments indicate that coatings, flame-retardants, and adhesives may contribute to volatile organic compound emissions, emphasizing the need for lower-emission, bio-based alternatives. Overall, the findings of this systematic review show that softwood-based composites deliver robust, quantifiable performance advantages and hold strong potential to meet the rising demand for sustainable, low-carbon engineered materials. Full article

In contemporary medical practice, human thyroglobulin (Tg) stands out as the primary serum biomarker for detecting recurrence or persistence (presence of residual tumor) of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) in patients post-thyroidectomy. Immunoassays (IMAs) and radioimmunoassays (RIAs) have been implemented in clinical settings to gauge Tg levels. However, these methods can be unreliable because anti-thyroglobulin antibodies (Tg-Abs) and heterophile antibodies (HAs) interfere with assay binding, leading to either under- or overestimation of true Tg concentrations. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has emerged as a distinctive alternative tool for Tg measurements. Despite its potential, the effectiveness of LC-MS/MS is under ongoing investigation. This review aims to provide a clear overview of existing follow-up procedures for Tg quantification and evaluate the potential of mass spectrometry (MS) in Tg analysis. The distinctive contribution of this review is the introduction of an emerging approach combining dried blood spots (DBSs) with LC-MS/MS for Tg measurement, emphasizing their translational potential for clinical follow-up of DTC patients. Full article

The proteins most frequently associated with pregnancy are the pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAGs), which are abundantly expressed placental products in species belonging to the order Cetartiodactyla. Multiple PAG isoforms are expressed across different species and stages of gestation, with their expression influenced by factors, such as breed and bodyweight. These proteins can be detected in both blood and milk samples using ELISA or RIA assays, serving as early indicators of pregnancy. The present study aimed to detect PAGs in caprine milk through a non-invasive, high-throughput, mass-spectrometry-based proteomic approach. Milk samples were collected from 20 Skopelos breed goats at 20 and 45 days post-mating. Following appropriate processing for whey protein extraction, the samples underwent tryptic digestion to generate peptides for LC-MS/MS analysis. The proteomic investigation identified five distinct PAGs (caPAG₂ on day 20 and caPAG₃, caPAG₅, caPAG₆, and caPAG₁₂,on day 45 post-mating) annotated to Capra hircus, along with 22 additional proteins associated with the fetal–maternal interface, pregnancy progression, and immune-related pathways. These findings demonstrate that LC-MS/MS provides a non-invasive, sensitive, and reliable method for detecting PAGs in caprine milk during the early stages of pregnancy (day 20, as the presence of caPAG₂ revealed), applicable to both individual animals and flock-level monitoring. Full article

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of irreversible central vision loss. Its pathogenesis is complex and multifactorial, involving genetic predisposition, inflammation, oxidative stress, and environmental influences, which underscores the need to better understand biomarkers associated with the disease. This review provides a comprehensive translational overview of biomarkers linked to both dry and wet forms of AMD by integrating findings from human studies and preclinical mouse models, including chemical, genetic, and laser-induced paradigms. It outlines key tissue, fluid, and systemic biomarkers related to oxidative stress, inflammation, complement activation, extracellular matrix remodeling, angiogenesis, and gut microbiota alterations. The main findings highlight similarities and differences between human AMD and animal models, identify challenges in biomarker validation, and emphasize the potential of combining biomarker profiles from ocular tissues, blood, tear fluid, aqueous and vitreous humor, and gut microbiome samples to improve early diagnosis, therapeutic monitoring, and personalized treatment strategies. These insights suggest that integrating experimental and clinical biomarker data could advance precision medicine in AMD, facilitating better early detection and individualized therapies. Future research should aim to bridge these datasets to optimize biomarker-driven approaches for AMD management. Full article

Industry 5.0 represents the next stage in the industrial evolution, with a growing impact in the shipbuilding sector. In response to its challenges, Navantia, a leading international player in the field, is transforming its shipyards towards the creation of a Shipyard 5.0 through the implementation of digital technologies that enable human-centered, resilient and sustainable processes. This approach gives rise to Cognitive Cyber-Physical Systems (CCPS) in which the system can learn and where the generated data are integrated into a digital platform that supports operators in decision-making. In this scenario, different smart elements (e.g., IoT-based tows, trucks) are used to transport key components of a ship like pipes or steel plates, which are present in a large number, representing a strategic opportunity to enhance traceability in shipbuilding operations. The accurate tracking of these elements, from manufacturing to assembly, helps to improve operational efficiency and enhances safety within the shipyard environment. Considering the previous context, this paper describes a CCPS that enables tracking and real-time data visualization through portable interfaces adapted to the shipyard operator needs. Following the Industry 5.0 foundations, the presented solution is focused in providing human-centric interfaces, tackling issues like information overload, poor visual organization and accessibility of the control panels. Thus, to address such issues, an iterative human-centered redesign process was performed. This approach incorporated hands-on testing with operators at each development stage and implemented specific adjustments to improve interface clarity and reaction speed. Full article

Background: Dispelling myths is crucial for policy and health communication because misinformation can directly influence public behavior, undermine trust in institutions, and lead to harmful outcomes. This study aims to assess the effectiveness and differences between OpenAI’s ChatGPT and Google Gemini in dispelling myths about children’s and adolescents’ mental health. Methods: Using seven myths about mental health from the UNICEF & WHO Teacher’s Guide, ChatGPT-4o and Gemini were asked to “classify each sentence as a myth or a fact”. Responses of each LLM for word count, understandability, readability and accuracy were analyzed. Results: Both ChatGPT and Gemini correctly identified all 7 statements as myths. The average word count of ChatGPT’s responses was 60 ± 11 words, while Gemini’s responses averaged 60 ± 29 words, a statistically non-significant difference between the LLMs. The Flesch–Kincaid Grade Level averaged 11.7 ± 2.2 for ChatGPT and 10.2 ± 1.3 for Gemini, also a statistically non-significant difference. In terms of readability, both ChatGPT and Gemini’s answers were considered difficult to read, with all grades exceeding the 7th grade level. The findings should nonetheless be interpreted with caution due to the limited dataset. Conclusions: The study adds valuable insights into the strengths of ChatGPT and Gemini as helpful resources for people seeking medical information about children’s and adolescents’ mental health, although the content may not be as easily accessible to those below a college reading level. Full article

Sugarcane streak mosaic virus (SCSMV) is one of the mosaic viruses found in mixed infection with two or more viruses. Infections of mosaic viruses show highly similar mosaic symptoms and are difficult to distinguish. This study aimed to develop a specific antibody against SCSMV that could potentially be utilized to differentiate mosaic virus infections. The cDNA encoding the coat protein (CP) of SCSMV was isolated by RT-PCR from the symptomatic sugarcane leaves. The cDNA was then used for the production of CP for the development of its polyclonal antibody. The nucleotide sequence of the cDNA showed high homology of 94.2–97.3% at the amino acid level with the CP-cDNA of SCSMV isolated from India (AM749403.1), Africa (OR195142.1), and USA (U75456.1). CP was produced as a recombinant protein with a molecular size of 36.5 kDa in Escherichia coli. The injection of recombinant CP into a rabbit resulted in the production of polyclonal antibodies, which were used for the immunodetection of SCSMV in sugarcane. Immunoblot analysis revealed a specific reaction of SCSMV-CP in symptomatic sugarcane leaves. ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) and IC-RT-PCR (Immunocapture-Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction) using the CP antibody proved successful for detecting SCSMV infection in sugarcane leaves. The results indicate that the SCSMV-CP antibody is suitable for an immunodetection system and exhibits high specificity for SCSMV infection. Full article