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New Advances in Reproductive Immunology and Pathology

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 May 2026 | Viewed by 1305

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
1. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy
2. IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
Interests: immunology with a focus on inflammatory cytokines in immune-mediated and infectious diseases, integrating microbiology, metabolism, and nutrition to advance maternal-fetal health and reproductive medicine; multiomic and translational approaches to uncover molecular mechanisms and identify potential therapeutic targets

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Reproductive immunology is a rapidly evolving field that explores the complex interactions between the immune system and reproductive processes. From conception to implantation, placental development, and parturition, immune mechanisms play a crucial role in ensuring successful reproduction. However, disruptions in immunological tolerance and regulation can lead to a spectrum of reproductive pathologies, including infertility, recurrent pregnancy loss, preeclampsia, endometriosis, and autoimmune-mediated pregnancy complications.

This Special Issue of the International Journal of Molecular Sciences aims to provide a comprehensive overview of current advances in reproductive immunology and their implications for understanding and managing reproductive disorders. We welcome the submission of original research articles, reviews, and short communications that explore immune cell populations in the reproductive tract, cytokine networks, maternal–fetal tolerance, immunogenetics, and the impact of systemic inflammation or infections on fertility and pregnancy outcomes. We also welcome the submission of articles that employ molecular, cellular, clinical, or translational approaches.

We will particularly focus on studies that integrate immunological insights with reproductive pathology to identify potential diagnostic markers or therapeutic targets. By collating interdisciplinary perspectives, this Special Issue seeks to enhance our understanding of reproductive immunopathology and foster innovations that could improve reproductive health and pregnancy care.

Dr. Silvia Giugliano
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • maternal–fetal immune tolerance
  • reproductive immunopathology
  • cytokine signaling in pregnancy
  • immune-related infertility
  • metabolome-immune crosstalk
  • microbiome influence on fertility

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

14 pages, 495 KB  
Article
A New Hypothesis on the Etiology of Down Syndrome: The Role of Anti-Zona Pellucida Antibodies as an Age-Independent Factor
by Giuseppe Noia, Tina Pasciuto, Francesco Ria, Alfredo Pontecorvi, Monica Sacco, Emanuela Teveroni, Maurizio Genuardi, Francesca Mauro, Paolo Spina, Emilia Spina, Giada Castagna, Daniela Visconti, Antonio Lanzone and Marco De Santis
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(2), 991; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27020991 - 19 Jan 2026
Viewed by 749
Abstract
Down Syndrome (DS) is the most common chromosomal abnormality characterized by neurodevelopmental impairment. Apart from maternal age, its risk factors remain poorly understood. This prospective case-control study aimed to evaluate the role of maternal anti-zona pellucida (ZP) antibodies (Ab) and anti-thyroid-Ab in predicting [...] Read more.
Down Syndrome (DS) is the most common chromosomal abnormality characterized by neurodevelopmental impairment. Apart from maternal age, its risk factors remain poorly understood. This prospective case-control study aimed to evaluate the role of maternal anti-zona pellucida (ZP) antibodies (Ab) and anti-thyroid-Ab in predicting DS. Correlations of anti-ZP-Ab and anti-thyroid-Ab with maternal age were also assessed. Anti-ZP-Ab were measured after childbirth using ELISA. Anti-thyroid peroxidase (aTPO) and anti-thyroglobulin (aTgII) antibodies were also analysed with the Allelica IM platform. Statistical analyses included receiver operating characteristic curve assessment, expressed as area under the curve (AUC) and linear regression modeling. Between September 2020 and October 2022, 58 women were enrolled. Anti-ZP-Ab levels were significantly higher in women with DS pregnancy with an odds ratio adjusted for maternal age of 71.52 (95% CI: 7.05–725.18) and an excellent predictive performance (AUC = 0.94; 95% CI: 0.88–1.00). For optical density levels > 1, the accuracy was 89.7% (95% CI: 78.2–100.0). No statistically significant differences were observed for aTPO and aTgII. Neither Anti-ZP-Ab nor anti-thyroid antibodies increased with age. These findings suggest that Anti-ZP-Ab are strongly associated with DS risk, suggesting a potential age-independent autoimmune contribution to trisomy 21. Their evaluation may support preconception counseling, especially for women aged > 35 years. Future studies could clarify causality and define the role of maternal autoimmunity in DS etiology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Reproductive Immunology and Pathology)
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