Search Results (2,482)

The oxidation of chlorophenolic compounds is essential for converting these persistent and toxic pollutants into less harmful products, thereby reducing their environmental and health impacts. In this study, a p-coumaric acid ester derivative was employed as the starting material to synthesize the corresponding phthalonitrile precursor (EnCA-CN), followed by the preparation of non-peripherally substituted Co(II) and Cu(II) phthalocyanine complexes (EnCA-Copc and EnCA-CuPc). These complexes were subsequently characterized using a range of spectroscopic techniques and designed to engage in π–π interactions with graphitic carbon nitride to form efficient photocatalytic materials. The structures of the two effective catalysts were characterized by FT-IR, SEM, and XRD analyses, after which their photocatalytic performance and recyclability in the degradation of 2-chlorophenol, 2,3-dichlorophenol, and 2,3,6-trimethylphenol were evaluated. The optimum catalyst loading for the MPc/g-C₃N₄ composites was determined to be 0.5 g/L, yielding the highest photocatalytic efficiency. The EnCA-CoPc/g-C₃N₄ catalyst achieved 90.8% product selectivity and 82.6% conversion in the oxidation of 2-chlorophenol, whereas the EnCA-CuPc/g-C₃N₄ catalyst exhibited approximately 80.0% pollutant removal. The degradation efficiencies followed the order 2-CP > 2,3-DCP > 2,3,6-TCP, with benzoquinone derivatives identified as the major oxidation products. In recyclability tests, both catalysts retained more than 50% of their activity after five cycles; EnCA-CoPc/g-C₃N₄ maintained 68% conversion in the 5th cycle, while EnCA-CuPc/g-C₃N₄ retained 60% conversion in the 4th cycle. Full article

Background: Phototherapy utilizes targeted irradiation to inactivate bacteria or treat various medical conditions. Depending on the therapeutic goal, wavelengths from violet to infrared (IR) are applied. Within the visible and near-IR spectrum, photodynamic therapy (PDT) combines light with photosensitizers that generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to bacterial inactivation. Optimizing photodynamic efficacy can involve either enhancing ROS formation through specific topical agents that modulate ROS generation or employing dual-wavelength light irradiation (DWLR) to achieve synergistic excitation. Established DWLR protocols typically combine blue and red light or IR to activate distinct photosensitizers. Materials and Methods: This study investigates whether a similar synergistic effect can be achieved within the green spectral range by simultaneously exciting a single photosensitizer—coproporphyrin III (CP III)—at 496 nm and 547 nm. Results: Convolution analysis and in vitro bacterial reduction experiments with Cutibacterium acnes subsp. elongatum revealed that cyan irradiation (496 nm) achieved the strongest photoreduction (2.31 log steps at 1620 J/cm²), whereas PC-lime irradiation (547 nm) produced a smaller effect (0.74 log steps). DWLR protocols (simultaneous and sequential irradiation) resulted in intermediate reductions (1.64 and 1.73 log steps, respectively), exceeding PC-lime but not surpassing cyan irradiation alone. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that excitation efficiency at the local absorption maximum of CP III is the primary determinant of ROS generation, while spectral broadening through DWLR does not enhance bacterial inactivation within this wavelength range and in vitro setup. Full article

Heavy metals (arsenic, cadmium, and lead) remain one of the most common and complex environmental problems worldwide. Accordingly, there is a growing need for eco-friendly and affordable materials derived from agricultural waste for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated water. This study aims to demonstrate how biodegradable pineapple leaf cellulose (PLC) can be used effectively in the remediation of heavy metals. The PLC adsorbent was prepared by treating it with ethyl alcohol (EtOH, 99.5%), calcium chloride (CaCl₂), and 0.8 M sodium hydroxide. A scanning electron microscope equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was used to investigate the surface of the adsorbent. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was employed to measure the concentration of metals before and after adsorption. Removal of metal ions (As⁵⁺, Cd²⁺, and Pb²⁺) by PLC was investigated under varying conditions, including pH, contact time, and adsorbent dosage. The analysis of cellulose composite revealed significant potential for adsorption of heavy metals such as As⁵⁺, Cd²⁺, and Pb²⁺. The highest removal efficiency of heavy metal ions was detected at a pH ranging from 3 to 7. The biosorption order of PLC at pH 6 was Pb²⁺ > Cd²⁺ > As⁵⁺ with 99.53% (63.45 mg/g), 98.44% (37.23 mg/g), and 42.40% (16.27 mg/g), respectively. After 120 min, the equilibrium of the adsorption process was reached for As⁵⁺, Cd²⁺, and Pb²⁺. FT-IR characterization discovered an increased abundance of functional groups on the adsorbent. The SEM-EDS analysis confirmed the occurrence of elements on the surface of PLC. The study revealed that the use of PLC is an innovative method for removing heavy metals from aquatic milieus, a potential resource for eco-friendly and affordable wastewater treatment. Full article

Alfalfa cultivation is an effective way to achieve soil improvement while utilizing saline soils. Irrigation and drainage, as physical measures to leach salts, can effectively reduce the soil salt content, while application of organic fertilizer fermented with an effective microorganism (EM) may further enhance the improvement effect of saline–alkaline soil by improving soil fertility and microbial community structure. However, there is still a lack of systematic assessment on the effects of applying these three measures on the saline soil–plant system. In this study, we used alfalfa as the plant material and set three water depths of 8 mm (IR1), 16 mm (IR2), and 24 mm (IR3) under the condition of irrigating every 10 days with remote-controlled timed and quantitative irrigation, which is the most acceptable to farmers in the era of smart agriculture. EM organic fertilizer dosage was designed as 0 kg/ha (CK), 1500 kg/ha (OF1), 3000 kg/ha (OF2), 4500 kg/ha (OF3), and 6000 kg/ha (OF4). The multiple-crop alfalfa yield, quality (crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF)), and soil electrical conductivity (EC) were observed. The results showed that after the application of EM organic fertilizer, the soil’s EC value of fertilized treatments was higher than that of CK, but this difference became smaller with the prolongation of alfalfa’s growing period, implying that EM organic fertilizer could absorb more soil salts by promoting alfalfa’s growth; the water depth was obviously negatively correlated with the soil’s EC value, demonstrating that the increase in the water depth had a stronger ability to reduce the soil salts. By the end of the experiment, the soil’s EC values were reduced by 21.4–43.7% for the treatments. The alfalfa yield was significantly increased by EM organic fertilizer application, and the three alfalfa yields were increased by 63.3–69.1%, 65.4–83.6%, and 52.6–56.2%, respectively, when fertilizer application was elevated from CK to OF4. The highest alfalfa yields were all found at IR2OF4, reaching 1164.7, 2637.3 and 2519.7 t/ha, corresponding to the first, second, and third alfalfa crops, respectively. The analysis of alfalfa quality indexes revealed that higher CP values were found in the IR2 treatments, and increasing fertilizer application from OF1–OF4 resulted in an increase in CP values by 2.4–9.1%, 1.5–7.4%, and 0.8–6.7% for the three alfalfa crops. Relatively low NDF and ADF values were observed for alfalfa under IR2 conditions; however, the application of EM organic fertilizer reduced the NDF and ADF values within a certain range. According to the results of the entropy weight evaluation model, IR3OF4, IR3OF2, and IR3OF3 were the top three treatments with the best overall benefits, respectively, with relative closeness values of 0.71, 0.70, and 0.68, in that order, which suggests that the appropriate water depth is 24 mm, while the appropriate EM organic fertilizer dosage is in the range of 3000–6000 kg/ha. There was a pattern observed in our study, in which the treatments with better overall benefits were better distributed at high water depths, which emphasizes the critical role of the irrigation volume in ameliorating saline soils. The conclusions of the study are intended to provide a practical basis for the comprehensive utilization and sustainable development of saline soils. Full article

Background: At the onset of Type 1 Diabetes (T1D), international guidelines recommend initiating subcutaneous insulin therapy within a wide dosage range (0.5–1 IU/kg/day), as insulin requirement (IR) varies greatly based on several factors, including age, pubertal status, and the presence of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). In clinical practice, some individuals require higher-than-expected IR, leading to prolonged hospitalization. This study aimed to identify predictive factors for elevated IR at T1D onset. Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study including 218 children and adolescents diagnosed with T1D between January 2010 and September 2020. Clinical and laboratory parameters were collected. IR was defined as the highest daily subcutaneous insulin dose (IU/kg/day) during hospitalization, after resolution of DKA. Results: As expected, DKA severity and HbA1c levels were associated with increased IR. However, the strongest independent predictor in the multivariate model was serum triglyceride level (β = 0.27, p < 0.001), with an adjusted R² of 0.37. No evidence of multicollinearity was detected, and ROC analysis yielded an AUC of approximately 0.70. Conclusions: Hypertriglyceridemia at T1D onset is independently associated with higher IR, regardless of DKA severity. Early recognition of this marker could help optimize insulin dosing, improve metabolic stabilization, and potentially shorten hospital stays. Full article

Background: Recently, compounds such as pyrimidine, pyridazine, 1,2,4-triazepine, 1,3,4,6-oxatriazepine, pyridazino[1,2-a]pyrimidine, and pyridazino[1,2-c] pyrimidine, as well as their derivatives, have attracted attention due to their diverse biological activities. Objective: This study focuses on the synthesis of new heterocyclic compounds that feature a seven-membered ring, including pyridazinopyrimido[2,1-c] [1,2,4]triazepine-tetraones (4), pyridazinopyrimidotriazepine-triones (5–8), aminopyri-dazinopyrimido[2,1-c][1,2,4]triazepine-tetraone (9), and 6-amino-8-imino-pyridazino pyrimido[2,1-c] [1,2,4]triazepine-trione (10). These new compounds were synthesized starting from 1-(4-oxo-1,4-dihydropyrimidine)-1,2-dihydropyridazine-3,6-dione (3) and were then evaluated for their antimicrobial activity. Methods: A new series of pyridazino[1,2-a]pyrimido[2,1-c][1,2,4]triazepines and 1,3,4,6-oxatriazepines were synthesized using modern techniques and advanced technology, achieving yields between 72% and 90%. Results: All new compounds were confirmed through IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, and mass spectroscopy (MS) and tested for in vitro antimicrobial activity. Compounds (8-10) exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity. Computational analysis provided a comprehensive evaluation of the broad-spectrum inhibitory potential of four lead compounds (6, 8, 9, and 10) against key microbial and fungal targets. These compounds demonstrated consistently superior binding affinities compared to control drugs cefotaxime and nystatin across a range of enzymes essential for pathogen viability and virulence. Conclusions: The structure–activity relationship (SAR) study established a correlation between the tested compounds and their antimicrobial activity. Molecular docking analysis indicated that the in silico results strongly suggest that compounds (6, 8, 9, and 10) are promising multi-target agents capable of disrupting essential bacterial processes and critical fungal pathways, making them excellent candidates for the development of novel antimicrobial therapeutics. These consistent findings support the conclusion that both practical and theoretical studies of the new compounds align with their antimicrobial effectiveness. Full article

The reliability of rubber materials in nuclear sealing applications depends on their resistance to ionizing radiation. To explicitly reveal the differences in radiation damage mechanisms among rubbers with varying molecular structures, this study investigated four typical elastomers—natural rubber (NR), butyl rubber (IIR), chloroprene rubber (CR), and nitrile rubber (NBR)—under ⁶⁰Co γ-irradiation at cumulative doses of 1, 10, and 100 kGy. By coupling macroscopic physical testing (mechanical, permeability) with microstructural characterization (FT-IR, DSC, crosslink density), a correlation between material structure and irradiation behavior was established. The results indicate that main-chain saturation dictates the dominant degradation mechanism: unsaturated rubbers (NR, CR, NBR) are dominated by cross-linking, macroscopically manifested as increased hardness and reduced ductility; conversely, saturated rubber (IIR) is dominated by main-chain scission, leading to a paste-like transition at 100 kGy and a complete loss of mechanical load-bearing and barrier functions. Comparatively, NR exhibited optimal overall stability due to “clean” cross-linking without significant oxidation. The overall radiation resistance ranking within the 0–100 kGy range is NR > CR > NBR > IIR. This study clarifies the “structure-mechanism-property” evolution law, providing a critical theoretical basis for lifetime prediction and rational material selection of rubber components in nuclear environments. Full article

Background: Effective prevention of jellyfish stings is crucial for human safety during marine activities. Traditional protective methods are often limited in terms of coverage area and duration of protection; Methods: This study designed and tested a novel jellyfish-repellent textile by coating waterproof polyester fabric with copper ion-loaded multicompartmental nanoparticles, which repel jellyfish by disrupting their cellular membranes and physiological functions. The nanoparticles were synthesized to enable spatial separation of components, enhance stability, and allow controlled copper ion release. They were applied to the fabric in one step via high-voltage electrostatic spray technology, followed by characterization using SEM and FT-IR. The copper sulfate release profile and nanoparticle adhesion were analyzed. Jellyfish-repellent efficacy was evaluated, along with biocompatibility tests including skin sensitization (Magnusson and Kligman method), skin irritation (Draize test), and cytotoxicity (MTT assay on L929 cells and human dermal fibroblasts). Results: SEM confirmed the formation of uniform multicompartmental nanoparticles with sizes ranging from 2.28 to 3.15 μm. FT-IR verified successful anchoring of Cu²⁺ ions to fabric fibers through coordination with hydroxyl groups. Drug release tests demonstrated water-triggered controlled release of copper ions lasting over 168 h, with nanoparticle retention rates exceeding 70% on all fabrics. The textile showed significant effectiveness in repelling jellyfish. Moreover, no apparent sensitization, irritation, or cytotoxicity was observed. Conclusions: A novel jellyfish-repellent textile was successfully developed using copper ion-loaded multicompartmental nanoparticles. This textile provides a promising solution for preventing jellyfish stings and contributes to the advancement of protective gear for marine activities. Full article

Fluidized bed drying has been widely applied in the food industry due to its high heat and mass transfer rates. In this study, the impact of drying temperatures (50, 60, 70 and 80 °C) in a fluidized bed on the physicochemical, functional, morpho-structural, and thermal properties of avocado seed starch was evaluated. The process yield for all temperatures ranged from 52.3 to 58.5% (p > 0.05), with a starch content of 59.20–60.9 g/100 g, amylose content of 28.85–31.84 g/100 g, and amylopectin content of 29.13–30.37 g/100 g. Additionally, all samples showed high water, milk, and oil absorption capacity (>90%), low solubility (5.22–8.35%), good flow characteristics, and swelling power greater than 50%. There was also a greater release of water (syneresis) after 168 h of storage, regardless of the drying temperature, which likewise did not influence the texture parameters. The granules had a smooth surface, without cracks or cavities, predominantly oval and partially rounded, being classified as type B. In the FT-IR analysis, no new functional groups were observed, only a reduction in peak intensity with increasing drying temperature. Finally, the thermal properties indicated high conclusion temperatures (>130 °C), with gelatinization enthalpy in the range of 14.18 to 15.49 J/g, reflecting its thermal resistance and structural integrity under heat conditions. These results demonstrated that fluidized bed drying is an alternative technique for drying avocado seed starch pastes. Full article

The coal washing and processing industry generates substantial quantities of coal gangue, which exerts significant impacts on soil and groundwater environments. Activating the reactivity of inert coal gangue to achieve comprehensive utilization in the field of cementitious materials holds considerable importance. This study investigates a method that synergistically utilizes thermal activation and mechanical activation to enhance the reactivity of coal gangue. The approach aims to reduce the temperature required for thermal activation while effectively stimulating the reactive properties. Furthermore, the mechanisms underlying the thermal–mechanical synergistic activation and its hydration characteristics are thoroughly examined. Experimental results demonstrate that thermo-mechanical synergistic activation, in comparison to sole thermal activation at 950 °C, enhances reaction activity by 28.3%, improves mechanical properties by 27.4%, reduces setting time by 65 min, and significantly optimizes flow performance. The XRD, FT-IR, and TG-DTG analyses demonstrate that the interlayer hydrogen bonds of kaolinite are disrupted during the thermal activation stage, resulting in the formation of amorphous and highly reactive metakaolinite. Subsequent mechanical activation after thermal treatment significantly reduces particle size, further breaks the interlayer hydrogen bonds of kaolinite, and leads to the complete disintegration of the lattice framework. This process markedly enhances the degree of amorphization and thoroughly disrupts the long-range ordered crystalline structure of the kaolinite mineral phase in coal gangue. Concurrently, the d002 interplanar spacing of kaolinite expands by 0.155 Å, leading to an increase in reactivity. SEM-EDS analysis reveals that C-S-H gel is embedded within the mortar matrix, with a reduction in calcium hydroxide content and Ca/Si ratio, and an increase in Al/Si ratio in coal gangue mortar. This confirms that the thermo-mechanical synergistic activation introduces highly reactive Ca²⁺ and Al³⁺ from coal gangue into the secondary hydration reaction, resulting in the formation of a gel structure characterized by high stability and enhanced durability. Full article

This systematic review evaluated the effectiveness of iterative reconstruction (IR) and deep learning reconstruction (DLR) in reducing radiation dose in computed tomography (CT) while preserving diagnostic image quality. We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (last search 22 March 2025); the protocol was registered in the OSF (DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/TUQDS). Eligible studies were English-language adult (≥18 years) investigations published between 2020 and 2025 that used IR or DLR and reported radiation-dose outcomes; studies on paediatric, phantom, cadaver, cone-beam, and spectral CT were excluded. In accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines, 4371 records were identified, and 30 met the inclusion criteria. Risk of bias was assessed using the NIH Quality Assessment Tool; most studies were deemed to be at low risk. Data were narratively synthesised and structured by a reconstruction approach and anatomical region. Across the 30 studies, IR achieved a dose reduction of 24–50% (mean ≈ 45%) and a DLR reduction of 34–89% (mean ≈ 58%); several DLR protocols enabled reductions of ≥75% without impairing diagnostic quality. Thirty studies in total were included (total N = 2581; range 24–289). It was determined that both approaches substantially reduce radiation exposure while maintaining diagnostic image quality; DLR generally demonstrates greater noise suppression and dose efficiency, especially in ultra-low-dose applications. However, heterogeneity in methods, designs, and scanner technologies limits the ability to draw uniform conclusions. Standardised protocols, multi-vendor prospective studies, and long-term evaluations are needed. Full article

Biogenic synthesis of gold nanoparticles using plant extracts has been widely explored for biomedical applications due to its eco-friendly and cost-effective nature. In this study, gold nanoparticles were phytoformulated using an ethanolic extract of dwarf copper leaf. Their physicochemical properties, antineoplastic activity against MCF-7 breast cancer cells, and bactericidal efficacy against selected pathogenic microorganisms were systematically evaluated. The phyto-synthesized AuNPs show potential as an antineoplastic agent, significantly dropping the viability of MCF-7 breast cancer cells when administered at higher concentrations. Comprehensive characterization revealed that the phyto-formulated AuNPs were predominantly spherical with sizes ranging from 15–38 nm as observed by TEM, while XRD analysis confirmed their crystalline nature. Furthermore, FT-IR analysis determined the plant extract’s functional groups, which served as both reducing and stabilizing agents during synthesis. Additionally, the phyto-formulated AuNPs showed bactericidal efficacy against several microorganisms, including Bacillus cereus, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Serratia species. Particularly, the phyto-formulated AuNPs were effective against B. cereus and Serratia species. The present results showed that the phyto-formulated AuNPs could be used in biomedical contexts for bactericidal action and medication delivery. By using this cost-effective and eco-friendly nanobiotechnology method, AuNPs can enhance drug delivery and efficacy with lower toxicity effects associated with conventional chemotherapies. Full article

Fine and ultra-fine sugarcane bagasse (SCB) fractions (≤200 μm) that are naturally generated during industrial grinding have been systematically overlooked in lignocellulosic pretreatment research. Previous studies have largely relied on commercially processed pulps or coarse particles (>200 μm), typically without systematic size fractionation. Here, we demonstrate that these fine fractions—including ultra-fines (≤45 μm), which are often excluded from analytical workflows due to concern about excessive degradation—are viable feedstocks for producing lignin-containing cellulose nanofibers (LCNF) via a sequential thermal hydrolysis treatment (THT)–deep eutectic solvent (DES) pretreatment specifically designed to retain lignin. Size-fractionated SCB (≤45, 45–100, and 100–200 μm) was subjected to THT (190 °C, 15 min), followed by DES treatment using choline chloride/urea (1:2 molar ratio, 130 °C, 2 h). Multi-technique characterization using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicated substantial hemicellulose removal (>70%), effective lignin retention (7.6–9.1%), cellulose enrichment (74.0–77.5%), and preservation of cellulose I structure allomorph. The crystallinity index increased from 46.5–52.7% after THT to 56.7–57.2% after DES treatment, and notably, uniform compositional and structural features were obtained across all particle size classes after DES treatment. Subsequent high-pressure microfluidization (700 bar, five passes) yielded LCNF with consistent morphology across all fractions: uniform fibril diameters (24.6–26.2 nm), a discernible lignin coating, and excellent colloidal stability (zeta potential: −86.3 to −95.0 mV). Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed well-dispersed nanofibrous networks. Collectively, these findings show that the full range of fine SCB fractions can be effectively valorized into high-performance LCNF through sequential THT–DES pretreatment, enabling comprehensive utilization of industrial grinding outputs and advancing circular bioeconomy objectives. Full article

Background/Objectives: Bone defects remain widespread. Type I collagen–hydroxyapatite composites suit bone engineering by mimicking matrix structure, making them pertinent materials for bone tissue engineering across a range of defect types. Their application is well aligned with non-load-bearing conditions, while use in load-bearing sites requires mechanical properties that meet the demands of those environments. Marine collagen offers a low-cost source from processing by-products. This work aimed to develop perch collagen–hydroxyapatite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Methods: Composites with COLL:HAp ratios of 100:0, 50:50, 40:60, and 30:70 were prepared. After crosslinking and freeze-drying, porosity and water absorption were examined. SEM and X-EDS assessed morphology and elemental distribution. FT-IR confirmed the chemical composition. Compression tests evaluated mechanical behavior. Cell viability and colonization assessed the biological performance. Biodegradability, thermal stability, and antimicrobial activity were also determined. Results: FT-IR confirmed the characteristic absorption bands of both components. SEM and swelling behavior showed porous, interconnected structures with uniform hydroxyapatite dispersion. X-EDS indicated Ca/P ratios consistent with hydroxyapatite. Thermal analysis demonstrated scaffold stability. Compression tests showed mechanical resistance for all the scaffolds, with stiffness increasing with the inorganic content. Perch collagen enhanced biological functionality, supporting osteoblast viability and colonization. Biodegradation gradually proceeded. Antibacterial activity against the tested pathogens was detectable, though moderate. Conclusions: The developed scaffolds combined structural stability, controlled degradation, and favorable cell response, constituting a viable and promising candidate for applications in bone tissue engineering. Full article

The contamination of water bodies by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) poses a significant concern for the ecological systems, along with public health. Magnetic adsorption stands out as a green and practical solution for treating polluted water. To make the process more efficient and economical, it is important to create materials that not only absorb contaminants effectively but also allow for easy recovery and reuse. This study proposes a simple yet effective method for coating Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin polymer (HP-β-CDCP). The physicochemical properties of the synthesized sorbent were characterized using a transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) analysis. The adsorption performance of HP-β-CDCP/Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles was well-described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, thermodynamic analysis, and the Freundlich isotherm model, indicating multiple interaction mechanisms with PAHs, such as π–π interactions, hydrogen bonding, and van der Waals forces. Using HP-β-CDCP/Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles as the adsorbent, the purification rates for the fifteen representative PAHs were achieved within the range of 33.9–93.1%, compared to 15.3–64.8% of the unmodified Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles. The adsorption of all studied PAHs onto HP-β-CDCP/Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites was governed by pH, time, and temperature. Equilibrium in the uptake mechanism was obtained within 15 min, with the largest adsorption capacities for PAHs in competitive adsorption mode being 6.46–19.0 mg·g⁻¹ at 20 °C, pH 7.0. This study points to the practical value of incorporating cyclodextrins into tailored polymer frameworks for improving the removal of PAHs from polluted water. Full article