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Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Advances Review

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Wastewater Treatment and Reuse".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 September 2025 | Viewed by 4367

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
Interests: sustainable development; energy and materials recovery; innovative water and wastewater treatment; groundwater contamination; bioelectrochemical systems
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

For this Special Issue, we invite established researchers to submit high-quality review papers on recent progress and future perspectives on “Wastewater Treatment and Reuse”. 

Review papers should critically address recent developments in wastewater treatment and reuse (WWTR), to serve as benchmark references with high citation potential in the sector; to assess and improve the understanding of wastewater treatment (including nature based technologies) and reuse issues that face the water sector today; and to devise rational strategies and methods for pollutant control and inspire future research work. It is expected that submissions will contribute novel insights and perspectives based on previously published research.

The following topics will be considered:

  • Urban or industrial wastewater treatment and its sustainability;
  • Advanced wastewater treatment technology costs and effectiveness against emerging pollutants;
  • Nature-based treatment and ecological aspects of WWTR (ecotechnologies, nature-based treatments systems, ecological engineering, and the role of living organisms in wastewater treatment);
  • Key technological and research issues on wastewater reuse and resources recovery;
  • Wastewater-based circular economy;
  • Wastewater reuse strategies and reuse effects on public health, the WEF Nexus, and public sentiment;
  • Wastewater reuse implementation issues and lessons learned;
  • Wastewater reuse issues and challenges in specific countries and in different climatic areas;
  • Economic and regulatory aspects of wastewater reuse.

Prof. Dr. Andrea G. Capodaglio
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • urban wastewater treatment
  • industrial wastewater treatment
  • advanced wastewater treatment technologies
  • nature-based wastewater treatment
  • ecological aspects of WWTR
  • treatment costs, energy requirements and sustainability of WWTR
  • emerging pollutants removal and destruction
  • wastewater-based circular economy
  • wastewater reuse
  • WEF Nexus
  • wastewater reuse issues
  • lessons learned from reuse applications
  • reuse challenges in specific countries and climatic areas
  • economic and regulatory aspects of wastewater reuse

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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22 pages, 2558 KiB  
Article
Improving Wastewater Quality Using Ultrafiltration Technology for Sustainable Irrigation Reuse
by Mohamed Ghonimy, Abdulaziz Alharbi, Shereen A. H. Saad and Nermin S. Hussein
Water 2025, 17(6), 870; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17060870 - 18 Mar 2025
Viewed by 420
Abstract
This study evaluates the physical, chemical, and biological properties of wastewater—comprising domestic sewage and agricultural drainage water—both before and after treatment to assess the efficiency of the applied processes. The physical properties, including total suspended solids (TSS) and color, demonstrated significant [...] Read more.
This study evaluates the physical, chemical, and biological properties of wastewater—comprising domestic sewage and agricultural drainage water—both before and after treatment to assess the efficiency of the applied processes. The physical properties, including total suspended solids (TSS) and color, demonstrated significant improvements post-treatment, with TSS reduction reaching 91.4% and color removal at 99.5%, indicating the effectiveness of ultrafiltration and coagulation techniques. Chemically, the total dissolved solids (TDS) concentration decreased from 838.2 to 375.5 mg·L−1, aligning with environmental standards and ensuring suitability for irrigation. Additional reductions were observed in biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD), with removal efficiencies of 86.5% and 83.7%, respectively, highlighting the system’s capability in reducing organic pollutants. Biologically, the treatment process achieved 99.9% removal efficiencies for both Total Coliform and E. coli, meeting world health organization (WHO) guidelines for microbial safety. The water quality index (WQI) analysis classified the treated water in the “Excellent” category, demonstrating an overall enhancement in water quality. Beyond these performance evaluations, this study introduces a novel approach by employing conventional treatment techniques on a blended wastewater—comprising domestic sewage and agricultural drainage water—operated under real operational conditions to achieve safe and sustainable irrigation reuse. This study hypothesizes that the synergistic integration of ultrafiltration with sodium hypochlorite disinfection—without relying on biological treatment—can significantly enhance water quality for sustainable irrigation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Advances Review)
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Review

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30 pages, 1520 KiB  
Review
A State-of-the-Art Review of Microalgae-Based Food Processing Wastewater Treatment: Progress, Problems, and Prospects
by Qian Lu
Water 2025, 17(4), 536; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17040536 - 13 Feb 2025
Viewed by 1216
Abstract
Environmental problems caused by the intensive carbon emissions from food processing wastewater (FPW) treatment using traditional technologies are promoting innovations in carbon sequestration. In traditional models, plant-based carbon sequestration is challenged by low carbon fixation rates and low profitability. Microalgae-based carbon sequestration in [...] Read more.
Environmental problems caused by the intensive carbon emissions from food processing wastewater (FPW) treatment using traditional technologies are promoting innovations in carbon sequestration. In traditional models, plant-based carbon sequestration is challenged by low carbon fixation rates and low profitability. Microalgae-based carbon sequestration in FPW treatment has recently gained considerable interest. In this novel model, anaerobic digestion is employed to pretreat FPW, increasing the digestibility of wastewater-borne organics, and microalgae biofilm is used to recover nutrients from FPW for high-value biomass production. Moreover, biomass with high protein content and immunomodulatory effects is further exploited as feedstock for aquafeed production. With the application of this concept, pollutants in FPW are converted into nutritious biomass, and the carbon emissions associated with FPW treatment are reduced. In this review study, the innovative concept of microalgae-based carbon sequestration is introduced, and research progress in the fields of FPW pretreatment, microalgae biofilm, and biomass valorization is summarized. In addition, an in-depth discussion of the current problems that hinder the industrial application of microalgae-based carbon sequestration in FPW treatment is provided. Finally, the establishment of an industrial chain based on this promising concept to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality in wastewater treatment is discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Advances Review)
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21 pages, 2438 KiB  
Review
Evaluating the Mechanisms and Efficiency of Johkasou Systems for Decentralized Domestic Effluent Treatment: A Review
by Xu Wang, Siyue Cheng and Huilun Chen
Water 2024, 16(16), 2266; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16162266 - 12 Aug 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2059
Abstract
Johkasou systems have emerged as quintessential examples of decentralized wastewater treatment technologies due to their compact design, easy operation, and robust resistance to mechanical impact attributes that are particularly effective in mitigating and treating rural domestic wastewater. Although the efficiency of the Johkasou [...] Read more.
Johkasou systems have emerged as quintessential examples of decentralized wastewater treatment technologies due to their compact design, easy operation, and robust resistance to mechanical impact attributes that are particularly effective in mitigating and treating rural domestic wastewater. Although the efficiency of the Johkasou process in removing nitrogen and phosphorus has been well-documented, a comprehensive synthesis of the underlying mechanisms and influencing factors is still elusive. This review seeks to elucidate these aspects by detailing the biogeochemical pathways involved in nitrogen and phosphorus removal, characterizing the key microbial consortia, and addressing the potential accumulation of nitrous oxide (N2O). Furthermore, the review critically examines the impact of various media used in Johkasou systems on nutrient removal efficacy, with a particular emphasis on nitrogen. It also proposes a range of practical adjustments to design parameters, including dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, temperature, and hydraulic retention time (HRT), to enhance process performance. Finally, the practical implementation of Johkasou systems and their integration with ancillary processes in actual domestic sewage treatment scenarios are synthesized, providing a theoretical foundation for advancing Johkasou methodologies in rural areas. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Advances Review)
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