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Coupled Numerical Modeling of Groundwater Flow and Surface Water Interactions

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Hydrogeology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 November 2025 | Viewed by 361

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Civil and Resource Engineering and Center for Water Resources Studies, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
Interests: hydrogeology; groundwater discharge and recharge; offshore freshened groundwater; saltwater intrusion; groundwater flow and reactive transport

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Guest Editor
Department of Geosciences, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
Interests: hydrogeology; hydro-geochemistry; groundwater numerical modelling; surface water–groundwater interactions; water quality

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Understanding the dynamic interactions between surface water and groundwater systems is critical for effective water resource management, especially in climate change, land use shifts, and increasing anthropogenic pressures. This Special Issue aims to highlight recent advances in developing and applying integrated modeling approaches that simulate the complex exchange processes between surface and subsurface hydrological domains. We welcome contributions but are not limited to (1) employing innovative numerical techniques, (2) exploring multi-scale coupling strategies, and (3) incorporating real-world data to improve the accuracy and predictability of water flow models. Studies focusing on river–aquifer interactions, wetland hydrodynamics, lake–groundwater systems, seawater–groundwater interactions, and the influence of anthropogenic or climatic factors on surface–subsurface connectivity are particularly welcome. Through this collection, we seek to foster interdisciplinary insights and practical solutions to guide sustainable water resource management across diverse hydrogeological settings.

Dr. Shengchao Yu
Dr. Xiaolang Zhang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • numerical modeling
  • aquifer characterization
  • hydrogeology
  • hydrochemistry
  • groundwater hydrology
  • groundwater flow
  • solute (reactive) transport
  • surface water and groundwater interactions

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

18 pages, 11466 KiB  
Article
Water Footprint Through an Analysis of Water Conservation Policy: Comparative Analysis of Water-Intensive and Water-Efficient Crops Using IoT-Driven ML Models
by Mahdi Moudi, Dan Xie, Lin Cao, Hehuai Zhang, Yunchu Zhang and Bahador Bahramimianrood
Water 2025, 17(13), 1964; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17131964 - 30 Jun 2025
Viewed by 237
Abstract
Although economic profitability and food security often outweigh water conservation priorities in arid and semi-arid regions, this study investigates irrigation practices by evaluating water footprint and economic feasibility through a comparative analysis of water-intensive and water-efficient crops. In this context, an optimal irrigation [...] Read more.
Although economic profitability and food security often outweigh water conservation priorities in arid and semi-arid regions, this study investigates irrigation practices by evaluating water footprint and economic feasibility through a comparative analysis of water-intensive and water-efficient crops. In this context, an optimal irrigation disparity framework integrated with Internet of Things (IoT) and Machine Learning (ML) mechanisms is proposed to evaluate the effectiveness of water conservation, thereby assessing the potential for enhancing economic profitability. IoT-enabled components are employed to monitor real-time environmental—soil moisture, temperature, and weather—conditions between March and November 2023. This data is processed using a hybrid modeling approach that integrates KNN, GBT, and LSTM algorithms to predict both the duration of cultivation and the water requirements. Finally, the predicted parameters are incorporated into a multi-objective framework aimed at minimizing the disparity in water allocation per net benefit. The final results indicate that saffron required substantially less water—ranging from (19.87 to 28.65 ∗ 106 m3)—compared to watermelon, which consumed (34.61 to 47.07 ∗ 106 m3), while achieving a higher average net profit (33 ∗ 109 IRR) relative to watermelon (31 ∗ 109 IRR). Moreover, saffron consistently approached optimal values across disparity-based objective functions, averaging (0.404). These findings emphasize the dual advantages of saffron as a value-added, water-efficient crop in achieving substantial water conservation while enhancing profitability, offering actionable insights for authorities to incentivize water-efficient crop adoption through subsidies, market mechanisms, or regulatory frameworks. These strategies operationalize technical insights into actionable pathways for balancing food security, economic growth, and environmental resilience. Full article
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