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Emerging Micropollutants: Challenges and Solutions in Detection and Treatment

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Water Quality and Contamination".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 28 July 2025 | Viewed by 685

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
Interests: organic pollutants detection; photocatalytic degradation; catalytic ozonation; spectroscopic analysis; micropollutants

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Guest Editor
School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
Interests: environmental analysis; organic contaminants; Raman spectroscopy; SERS; FTIR

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Accompanied by rapid development of industrialization and urbanization processes around the world, the increasing chemical pollution of aquatic environments has emerged as a severe threat. Micropollutants, which are mainly organic chemicals, have been regarded as significant challenges in water treatment due to their low concentrations, exceptional chemical stability, and profound toxicity. In recent decades, tremendous efforts have been taken to conveniently quantify, identify, and remove micropollutants in water. Common chemicals were chosen as target micropollutants to evaluate detection accuracy and removal efficiency. However, as people's awareness of health and safety increases, and as detection methods continue to develop, more and more emerging micropollutants are frequently detected in wastewater, surface water, and even groundwater. Most of the emerging micropollutants are generated and discharged during human activities. Although their concentrations in the natural environment are low, they are structurally stable and can persist in the aquatic environment with strong bioaccumulation; the metabolites of some emerging pollutants may be more toxic than the parent, and some even have carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic effects. Since emerging micropollutants are now widely present in the natural environment, there is an urgent need to understand their nature and characteristics, as well as their transport and transformation patterns in the aquatic environment.

We encourage all scientists to contribute their research results on the treatment of micropollutants in water to this Special Issue. Review papers are also welcome. The subtopics of a submitted manuscript may include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Establishing fingerprints of micropollutant distribution;
  • Determining the toxicity of micropollutants;
  • Rapid detection of micropollutants;
  • Treatment of micropollutants;
  • Treatment of micropollutants in industrial discharges;
  • Treatment of micropollutants in domestic emissions;
  • Treatment of micropollutants from agricultural emissions;
  • Treatment of micropollutants produced by microorganisms;
  • Adsorption of micropollutants;
  • Membrane separation of micropollutants;
  • Chemical oxidation of micropollutants;
  • Electrochemical oxidation of micropollutants;
  • Photocatalytic oxidation of micropollutants.

Dr. Jinghui Liu
Dr. Rui Lu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • water pollution
  • micropollutants
  • wastewater treatment
  • pollutant detection
  • pollutant treatment and water treatment processes

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

16 pages, 10012 KiB  
Article
Ball-Milled Spent Coffee Ground Biochar Effectively Removes Caffeine from Water
by Yicheng Yang, Yongshan Wan, Jianjun Chen, Hao Chen, Yuncong Li, Rafael Muñoz-Carpena, Yulin Zheng, Jinsheng Huang, Yue Zhang and Bin Gao
Water 2025, 17(6), 881; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17060881 - 19 Mar 2025
Viewed by 498
Abstract
Caffeine in aquatic ecosystems is an emerging contaminant causing significant environmental concern. In this work, spent coffee ground (SCG) was pyrolyzed at 300, 450, and 600 °C to produce pristine SCG biochars (CG), which were then ball-milled to produce ball-milled SCG biochars (BMCG). [...] Read more.
Caffeine in aquatic ecosystems is an emerging contaminant causing significant environmental concern. In this work, spent coffee ground (SCG) was pyrolyzed at 300, 450, and 600 °C to produce pristine SCG biochars (CG), which were then ball-milled to produce ball-milled SCG biochars (BMCG). A batch experiment with ball-milled and pristine biochars showed that ball-milled biochars pyrolyzed at 450 °C and 600 °C had the highest capacities to adsorb caffeine. Subsequently, ball-milled CG450 (BMCG450) was selected for further analysis. The results showed that ball milling dramatically augmented the specific surface area and oxygen-containing functional groups of the biochar. The Langmuir maximum caffeine adsorption capacity was 82.65 mg/g. Both solution pH and ionic strength affected caffeine removal by BMCG450. As pH increased, increased electrostatic repulsion limited caffeine adsorption onto the biochar. However, an increase in ion strength slightly enhanced caffeine adsorption because of the electrostatic screening effect of cations. The ball-milled SCG biochar also showed high adsorption efficiency in a completely mixed flow reactor under continuous flow conditions. Our study indicates that ball-milled SCG biochar at 450 °C can serve as a viable sorbent for the removal of caffeine from water. Full article
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