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Interactions between Land Cover Changes and Runoff and Subsurface Flow...
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Interactions between Land Cover Changes and Runoff and Subsurface Flow Generation in Agro-Urban Systems in the Context of Global Warming

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Water and Climate Change".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 January 2024) | Viewed by 5430

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Alessia Flammini

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Perugia, Via G. Duranti 93, 06125 Perugia, Italy
Interests: environment; water resource management; soil; hydrological modeling; hydrology; environmental engineering; water balance; watershed hydrology; meteorology; precipitation; rainfall; time domain reflectometry
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Renato Morbidelli

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Perugia, via G. Duranti 93, 06125 Perugia, Italy
Interests: water resource management; hydrological modeling; hydrology; hydrologic and water resource modeling and simulation; water balance; watershed hydrology; surface hydrology; watershed management; evapotranspiration; rainfall runoff modelling; flood modelling; rainfall; soil physics; watershed modeling; surface water; hydrological data management; evaporation; climate change and water; time domain reflectometry (TDR)
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Carla Saltalippi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Universita degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
Interests: hydrological modeling; hydrology; water engineering; watershed hydrology; surface hydrology; rainfall runoff modelling; flood modelling; rainfall; open channel hydraulics; river engineering; time domain reflectometry
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Jacopo Dari

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Perugia, via G. Duranti 93, 06125 Perugia, Italy
2. National Research Council, Research Institute for Geo-Hydrological Protection, via Madonna Alta 126, 06128 Perugia, Italy
Interests: remote sensing; soil moisture; irrigation; hydrological and land surface modeling; evapotranspiration; water resource management
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Anthropogenic activities are modifying the natural land cover at an unprecedented scale, with significant impacts on the main hydrological processes, including the formation of runoff and subsurface flow in anthropized catchments. Specifically, land cover features affect the water balance, playing a crucial role in the partitioning of precipitation into infiltration, runoff, and evapotranspiration. On this basis, an effective management of water resources needs to consider the effects of human-induced land cover changes, combining them with the impacts related to observed or estimated trends of rainfall, temperature, and other meteorological indices in the context of climate warming. Moreover, further land urbanization and global warming due to population growth and ever-increasing living standards are expected to stress the already observed effects on the hydrological cycle.

The main aim of this Special Issue is to collect novel studies addressing issues linked to human–water interactions under different climatic conditions, with a focus on potential connections between changes in runoff and subsurface flow generation and the combination of land cover and climate changes. Contributions may focus on:

  • Effects of land cover changes (e.g., deforestation, overbuilding, conversion of natural areas to agricultural areas, and crop dynamics) on runoff and subsurface flow generation;
  • Interaction between land cover and climate changes determining modifications in the main hydrological processes;
  • Development of models for the prediction of runoff and subsurface generation scenarios;
  • Usage of remotely sensed data to assess the impacts of land cover changes;
  • Proposal of mitigation and adaptation strategies.

Dr. Alessia Flammini
Prof. Dr. Renato Morbidelli
Dr. Carla Saltalippi
Dr. Jacopo Dari
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • climate change
  • land cover change
  • runoff
  • subsurface flow
  • hydrological modeling
  • geographic information systems (GIS)
  • remote sensing (RS)
  • water management strategies

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 4022 KiB  
Article
Future Trade-Off for Water Resource Allocation: The Role of Land Cover/Land Use Change
by Onesmo Zakaria Sigalla, Sekela Twisa, Nyemo Amos Chilagane, Mohamed Fadhili Mwabumba, Juma Rajabu Selemani and Patrick Valimba
Water 2024, 16(3), 493; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16030493 - 2 Feb 2024
Viewed by 859
Abstract
Global croplands, pastures, and human settlements have expanded in recent decades. This is accompanied by large increases in energy, water, and fertilizer consumption, along with considerable losses of biodiversity. In sub-Saharan Africa, policies are implemented without critical consideration; e.g., agricultural expansions impair ecosystem [...] Read more.
Global croplands, pastures, and human settlements have expanded in recent decades. This is accompanied by large increases in energy, water, and fertilizer consumption, along with considerable losses of biodiversity. In sub-Saharan Africa, policies are implemented without critical consideration; e.g., agricultural expansions impair ecosystem services. We studied land use/cover and the associated rate of change for four time epochs, i.e., 1991, 2001, 2011, and 2021. This employed remote sensing and GIS techniques for analysis, while future projections were modeled using cellular automata and the Markov chain. The kappa coefficient statistics were used to assess the accuracy of the final classified image, while reference images for accuracy assessment were developed based on ground truthing. Overall change between 1991 and 2021 showed that major percentage losses were experienced by water, forest, woodland, and wetland, which decreased by 8222 Ha (44.11%), 426,161 Ha (35.72%), 399,584 Ha (35.01%), and 105,186 Ha (34.82%), respectively. On the other hand, a percentage increase during the same period was experienced in cultivated land, built-up areas, and grasslands, which increased by 659,346 Ha (205.28%), 11,894 Ha (159.93%), and 33,547 Ha (98.47%), respectively. However, this expansion of thirsty sectors has not reversed the increasing amount of water discharged out of the Kilombero River catchment. We recommend the promotion of agroforests along with participatory law enforcement and capacity building of local communities’ institutions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Interactions between Land Cover Changes and Runoff and Subsurface Flow Generation in Agro-Urban Systems in the Context of Global Warming)
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19 pages, 2892 KiB  
Article
The Surface-to-Atmosphere GHG Fluxes in Rewetted and Permanently Flooded Former Peat Extraction Areas Compared to Pristine Peatland in Hemiboreal Latvia
by Arta Bārdule, Aldis Butlers, Gints Spalva, Jānis Ivanovs, Raitis Normunds Meļņiks, Ieva Līcīte and Andis Lazdiņš
Water 2023, 15(10), 1954; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15101954 - 21 May 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1797
Abstract
When it comes to greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction, the role of water tables in former peat extraction areas has received considerable interest in recent decades. This study analysed the carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2 [...] Read more.
When it comes to greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction, the role of water tables in former peat extraction areas has received considerable interest in recent decades. This study analysed the carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) surface-to-atmosphere fluxes from a rewetted and permanently flooded former peat extraction areas in comparison to pristine peatland in hemiboreal Latvia. Measurements of GHG fluxes combined gas sampling using a closed-chamber (opaque) method with the gas chromatography detection method. Among the studied land-use types, the highest annualised CO2 fluxes (soil heterotrophic and autotrophic respiration) were recorded in rewetted former peat extraction areas with restored vegetation and in undisturbed peatland (4.10 ± 0.21 and 3.45 ± 0.21 t CO2-C ha−1 yr−1, respectively), with the lowest in flooded former peat extraction areas (0.55 ± 0.05 t CO2-C ha−1 yr−1); temperature and groundwater level were found to be significant influencing factors. The highest annualised CH4 fluxes were recorded in undisturbed peatland (562.4 ± 155.8 kg CH4-C ha−1 yr−1), followed by about two-fold and ~20-fold smaller CH4 fluxes in flooded and rewetted areas, respectively. N2O fluxes were negligible in all the studied land-use types, with the highest N2O fluxes in undisturbed peatland (0.66 ± 0.41 kg N2O-N ha−1 yr−1). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Interactions between Land Cover Changes and Runoff and Subsurface Flow Generation in Agro-Urban Systems in the Context of Global Warming)
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22 pages, 7662 KiB  
Article
Bridging the Data Gap between the GRACE Missions and Assessment of Groundwater Storage Variations for Telangana State, India
by Kuruva Satish Kumar, Venkataramana Sridhar, Bellamkonda Jaya Sankar Varaprasad and Konudula Chinnapa Reddy
Water 2022, 14(23), 3852; https://doi.org/10.3390/w14233852 - 26 Nov 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2020
Abstract
Because of changing climatic conditions, uneven distribution of rainfall occurs throughout India. As a result, dependence on groundwater for irrigation has increased tremendously for industrial and domestic purposes. In India approximately 89% of agricultural demands are met through groundwater. Due to increases in [...] Read more.
Because of changing climatic conditions, uneven distribution of rainfall occurs throughout India. As a result, dependence on groundwater for irrigation has increased tremendously for industrial and domestic purposes. In India approximately 89% of agricultural demands are met through groundwater. Due to increases in population, demand for groundwater and lack of effective utilization have resulted in rapid depletion of groundwater in most parts of the country. Therefore, quantifying groundwater resources is a serious concern in populated states of India, because it is now difficult to supply enough water to every citizen, and will remain so in the future. Because of difficulties in accessing observation data, researchers have begun to depend on satellite-based remote sensing information to deal with groundwater variations. The present study deals with filling the data gap between Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) and GRACE Follow On (GRACE FO) missions using multilayer perceptron’s (MLPs) during 2017–2018 to obtain a continuous terrestrial water storage anomaly (TWSA) series from 2003 to 2020 for Telangana state, India. The MLP model performed well in predicting the TWSA, with a correlation coefficient of r = 0.96 between modeled TWSA and GRACE TWSA during the test period. Telangana state observed negative TWSAs (annual) in the years 2003, 2004, 2005, 2009, 2012, 2015, and 2016–19. This TWSA series (2003–2020) was then used to evaluate regional groundwater storage anomalies (GWSAs) in Telangana state, which is considered to be one of the water stress regions in India. The TWSAs were converted to GWSAs using Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) parameters. The Telangana state experienced decreasing GWSA in the years 2005, 2009, and 2012, and from 2015 to 2019, leading to severe droughts. Groundwater well measurements were obtained from the Central Groundwater Board (CGWB) and converted to GWSA at a seasonal scale. The GWSAs obtained from GRACE (GWSAGRACE) were converted to seasonal values and compared with GWSAs obtained from observation well data (GWSAobs). The performance metrics of r = 0.74, RMSE = 5.3, and NSE = 0.62 were obtained between (GWSAGRACE) and (GWSAobs), representing a good correlation among them. Over the past decade, Telangana state has significantly relied on groundwater resources for irrigation, domestic, and industrial purposes. As a result, evaluating groundwater storage variations at a regional scale may help policy makers and water resource researchers in the sustainable utilization and management of groundwater resources. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Interactions between Land Cover Changes and Runoff and Subsurface Flow Generation in Agro-Urban Systems in the Context of Global Warming)
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