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Vaccines
Special Issues
Cutting-Edge Cancer Vaccines Enhanced by Nanotechnology
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Cutting-Edge Cancer Vaccines Enhanced by Nanotechnology

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "Cancer Vaccines and Immunotherapy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2025 | Viewed by 2060

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Xiupeng Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1, Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
Interests: cancer immunotherapy; nanotechnology; cancer vaccine; adjuvant; in situ cancer vaccine; cancer combination therapy; nanoparticle; immune checkpoint inhibitor

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cancer immunotherapies have significantly extended the survival time of cancer patients, revolutionized cancer treatment and opened a new era of cancer treatment. In cancer immunotherapy, cancer vaccines are among the most promising strategies, owing to their ability to educate the body’s immune system to recognize, target and remove tumor cells. Recently, the successful development of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines and dramatic advances in nanotechnologies have led to significant progress in developing cancer vaccines. In particular, nanotechnology can protect the delivery of antigens, enable sustained and efficient antigen delivery to specific targets, enhance immunogenicity and induce specific immune responses. Therefore, nanotechnology has played an indispensable role in the success of various clinical and preclinical vaccines.

In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews related to the recent advances, current challenges and future perspectives in cutting-edge nanotechnology-based cancer vaccines are welcome. Research areas may include the following:

  1. Nanoscale synthesis, structural regulation and functional design of polymers, lipids, inorganic particles and bio-derived materials for cancer vaccines;
  2. Nano-vaccine adjuvants for therapeutic, prophylactic and in situ cancer vaccines;
  3. Nanotechnology-based cancer vaccines combined with other cancer therapies, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors;
  4. Mechanisms, safety and efficacy of nanotechnology-enhanced cancer vaccines.

I look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Xiupeng Wang
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • cancer immunotherapy
  • nanotechnology
  • cancer vaccine
  • adjuvant
  • in situ cancer vaccine
  • personalized cancer vaccine
  • combination cancer therapy
  • nanoparticle

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

24 pages, 15001 KiB  
Article
Impact of Chitosan Nanoparticles-Coated Dendritic Cell-Based Vaccine as Cancer Immunotherapy
by Jehan S. Alrahimi, Najla S. Alotaibi, Alia M. Aldahlawi, Fatemah S. Basingab and Kawther A. Zaher
Vaccines 2025, 13(5), 474; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13050474 - 28 Apr 2025
Viewed by 50
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are major contributors to generating an effective immune response due to their ability to present antigens to T cells. Recently, nanoparticles have been widely used in different medical applications, such as drug-delivery systems, to enhance the function of impaired immune [...] Read more.
Dendritic cells (DCs) are major contributors to generating an effective immune response due to their ability to present antigens to T cells. Recently, nanoparticles have been widely used in different medical applications, such as drug-delivery systems, to enhance the function of impaired immune cells. Objectives: This research aims to develop an effective antitumor DC-based vaccine by adsorption of chitosan-nanoparticles (CH-NPs) onto DCs. Methods: Undifferentiated mouse bone marrow progenitor cells were differentiated into mature DCs using cytokines and lipopolysaccharides. CH-NPs were prepared using the ionic gelation method and subsequently used to coat the stimulated DCs. The MTT assay was employed to assess the cytotoxicity of all formulations. To compare the antitumor effect of CH-NPs, DCs, and DCs-CH-NPs, mice were divided into five groups and injected with the respective vaccine formulations. Following immunization, flow cytometry was used to analyze DC and CD4+ T cell activation in blood and spleen tissues. Histological samples from the spleen and lymph nodes were also collected. Results: Our findings show that co-stimulatory molecules CD80/CD86 and the DC maturation marker CD83 were upregulated in the vaccinated DCs, indicating their maturation. Moreover, CD83, CD11c, and MHC-II were upregulated in blood and spleen samples in vivo. The DC-CH-NPs vaccinated group had a higher mean percentage of CD83 expression in blood samples (76.7 ± 17.1) compared to the DCs group (47.7 ± 11.0) and the CH-NPs group (37.7 ± 8.6). DC markers, particularly CD83, were highly expressed in spleen samples. Additionally, the DC-CH-NPs vaccinated group had a significantly higher number of CD4+ T cells (MFI = 26.1 ± 2.3) compared to the DCs (18.6 ± 1.6) and CH-NPs (13.3 ± 1.4) groups. Conclusions: The present study concludes that the DC-CH-NPs vaccine formulation can induce a potent in vivo immune response. These data may provide valuable insights for developing effective delivery systems for antitumor vaccines. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cutting-Edge Cancer Vaccines Enhanced by Nanotechnology)
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14 pages, 5245 KiB  
Article
Synergistic Effects of Metal–Organic Nanoplatform and Guanine Quadruplex-Based CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides in Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines with Different Tumor Antigens
by Xia Li, Mitsuhiro Ebara, Naoto Shirahata, Tomohiko Yamazaki and Nobutaka Hanagata
Vaccines 2024, 12(6), 649; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12060649 - 11 Jun 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1416
Abstract
Oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) containing unmethylated cytosine–phosphate–guanosine (CpG) motifs are readily recognized by Toll-like receptor 9 on immune cells, trigger an immunomodulatory cascade, induce a Th1 -biased immune milieu, and have great potential as an adjuvant in cancer vaccines. In this study, a green one-step [...] Read more.
Oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) containing unmethylated cytosine–phosphate–guanosine (CpG) motifs are readily recognized by Toll-like receptor 9 on immune cells, trigger an immunomodulatory cascade, induce a Th1 -biased immune milieu, and have great potential as an adjuvant in cancer vaccines. In this study, a green one-step synthesis process was adopted to prepare an amino-rich metal–organic nanoplatform (FN). The synthesized FN nanoplatform can simultaneously and effectively load model tumor antigens (OVA)/autologous tumor antigens (dLLC) and immunostimulatory CpG ODNs with an unmodified PD backbone and a guanine quadruplex structure to obtain various cancer vaccines. The FN nanoplatform and immunostimulatory CpG ODNs generate synergistic effects to enhance the immunogenicity of different antigens and inhibit the growth of established and distant tumors in both the murine E.G7-OVA lymphoma model and the murine Lewis lung carcinoma model. In the E.G7-OVA lymphoma model, vaccination efficiently increases the CD4+, CD8+, and tetramer+CD8+ T cell populations in the spleens. In the Lewis lung carcinoma model, vaccination efficiently increases the CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ T cell populations in the spleens and CD3+CD8+, CD3−CD8+, and CD11b+CD80+ cell populations in the tumors, suggesting the alteration of tumor microenvironments from cold to hot tumors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cutting-Edge Cancer Vaccines Enhanced by Nanotechnology)
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