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Vaccines
Special Issues
The Role of Vaccination on Public Health and Epidemiology
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The Role of Vaccination on Public Health and Epidemiology

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "Vaccines and Public Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 March 2026 | Viewed by 6984

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Antonio Rosa de Sousa Neto

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Nursing Department, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina 64049-550, Brazil
Interests: microbiology; parasitology; prevention and control of infections in healthcare services; health education; biosafety; public health; health surveillance and care; bibliometric analysis and scientific production in health
Prof. Dr. Daniela Reis Joaquim de Freitas

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Nursing Department, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina 64049-550, Brazil
Interests: microbiology applied to infection prevention and control in health services; microorganisms and infectious diseases: viruses, bacteria, parasites; host–parasite relationship; infection control mechanisms; bacterial and parasitic resistance
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Vaccination remains one of the most effective public health interventions, preventing millions of deaths annually and reducing the burden of infectious diseases worldwide. Immunization programs have played a crucial role in shaping public health, enhancing epidemiological surveillance, and mitigating health crises. However, challenges such as vaccine hesitancy, equitable distribution, and the emergence of new pathogens require continuous research and innovation.

This Special Issue seeks to compile innovative research and critical discussions on the impact of vaccination strategies across diverse populations and health systems. We invite original research articles and reviews on a wide range of topics that may include topics on the following:

Effectiveness and Impact of Vaccination:

  • Evaluation of global or regional immunization; epidemiology; long-term immunity and strategies for booster vaccinations.

Vaccine-Preventable Diseases and Epidemiological Trends:

  • Aspects of surveillance of vaccine-preventable diseases; emerging and re-emerging infectious threats.

Features Associated with Vaccination and Hesitancy:

  • Social determinants, information, and vaccine attributes that may affect vaccination.

Technological Advances in Vaccination:

  • Innovations in development and delivery; advances in immunization for high-risk populations.

Dr. Antonio Rosa de Sousa Neto
Dr. Daniela Reis Joaquim Reis Joaquim de Freitas
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • vaccines
  • immunization
  • epidemiology
  • public health
  • vaccine-preventable diseases
  • pandemic preparedness
  • health equity

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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14 pages, 288 KB  
Article
Factors Associated with Missed Opportunities for Vaccination in Children During the First Year of Life: A Cross-Sectional Study
by Wágnar Silva Morais Nascimento, Eugênio Barbosa de Melo Júnior, Ana Raisla de Araújo Rodrigues, Beatriz Mourão Pereira, Joaquim Guerra de Oliveira Neto, Paulo de Tarso Moura Borges, Antonio Rosa de Sousa Neto and Telma Maria Evangelista de Araújo
Vaccines 2025, 13(11), 1129; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13111129 (registering DOI) - 1 Nov 2025
Abstract
Background: Addressing Missed Opportunities for Vaccination (MOV) contributes to increased vaccination rates in children, reinforcing the need to investigate and intervene in the related factors. Objective: To analyze factors associated with missed opportunities for vaccination in children under one year of age in [...] Read more.
Background: Addressing Missed Opportunities for Vaccination (MOV) contributes to increased vaccination rates in children, reinforcing the need to investigate and intervene in the related factors. Objective: To analyze factors associated with missed opportunities for vaccination in children under one year of age in a Brazilian capital. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, analytical study conducted in seven Basic Health Units in Teresina, Piauí, Brazil. A previously validated questionnaire was applied to parents or guardians of a sample of 316 children. Data were collected from March to June 2025. Multivariable Logistic Regression was performed, and results were expressed as Odds Ratios. Results: Among the children, 53.5% had at least one MOV. The associated factors were: parents with two or more children (95% CI: 1.06–2.96), false contraindications (95% CI: 1.29–8.73), inadequate assessment of vaccination cards by health professionals (95% CI: 1.78–29.00), vaccine shortages in health units (95% CI: 1.57–18.28), and refusal to open multidose vaccine vials (95% CI: 1.81–19.31). Receiving information about vaccination in the previous month was a protective factor against MOV (95% CI: 0.25–0.77). The vaccines most frequently contributing to MOV were BCG (15.8%) and the COVID-19 vaccine, with 15.5% for the first dose and 14.9% for the second. Conclusions: The high prevalence of MOV found in this study indicates weaknesses in the immunization process and suggests the need for implementing measures to interrupt the chain of causes leading to MOV, thereby contributing to the achievement of the objectives of the Brazilian National Immunization Program. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Vaccination on Public Health and Epidemiology)
15 pages, 266 KB  
Article
Parents’ Attitudes and Beliefs Towards Human Papillomavirus Vaccination
by Ivana Kotromanovic Simic, Darko Kotromanovic, Nika Lovrincevic Pavlovic, Jelena Kovačević, Marija Olujic, Danijela Nujic, Matea Matic Licanin, Ivon Matić, Jelena Sakic Radetic, Ilijan Tomas, Vlatko Kopic, Ivan Miskulin and Maja Miskulin
Vaccines 2025, 13(11), 1085; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13111085 - 22 Oct 2025
Viewed by 477
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common causes of STIs, posing a significant public health problem. Today, the transmission of HPV can be very effectively prevented, making it important to vaccinate the target population at a young age. [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common causes of STIs, posing a significant public health problem. Today, the transmission of HPV can be very effectively prevented, making it important to vaccinate the target population at a young age. The aim of this study was to examine the attitudes and beliefs of parents regarding the HPV vaccine and the HPV vaccination of their child. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Osijek, Croatia, from June 2021 to September 2022 via a self-administered questionnaire and included 215 respondents. Results: The results showed that respondents who would vaccinate their child were significantly more likely to be those who work in the healthcare field, who had heard of the term HPV, who had sought information about the HPV vaccine on their own, and who had received information about vaccination from school doctors. The attitude towards vaccination was more negative among respondents who did not intend to vaccinate their child. In predicting the decision not to vaccinate one’s child against HPV, bivariate logistic regression revealed that the probability of non-vaccination increases with working outside the field of healthcare (OR = 4.61) and a negative attitude towards vaccination (OR = 1.46), while the probability of non-vaccination decreases if information was received from a school doctor (OR = 0.46). Furthermore, multivariate logistic regression showed that there is a significant model in predicting non-vaccination against HPV, consisting of two predictors: working outside the healthcare field (OR = 8.15) and a negative attitude towards vaccination (OR = 1.49). Conclusions: Given that parents are responsible for making the decision about HPV vaccination, it is necessary to invest additional efforts in educating them about the importance of preventing HPV infections and the benefits of HPV vaccination itself. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Vaccination on Public Health and Epidemiology)
14 pages, 602 KB  
Article
Factors Associated with Seasonal Influenza Vaccination Among Working-Age Adults in Poland: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Survey
by Radosław Sierpiński, Mateusz Jankowski and Filip Raciborski
Vaccines 2025, 13(9), 954; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13090954 - 6 Sep 2025
Viewed by 1333
Abstract
Background: Influenza-related absenteeism causes significant economic implications. Vaccination is the most effective intervention for preventing influenza infection and its complications. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of seasonal influenza vaccination as well as to identify factors associated with seasonal influenza vaccination among [...] Read more.
Background: Influenza-related absenteeism causes significant economic implications. Vaccination is the most effective intervention for preventing influenza infection and its complications. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of seasonal influenza vaccination as well as to identify factors associated with seasonal influenza vaccination among working-age adults in Poland. Methods: This study is a secondary analysis of a dataset generated during the representative cross-sectional survey among adults aged 18–64 years in Poland (December 2024). In the study group (n = 5006), 49.9% were women. Results: Among all respondents, 16.9% declared getting vaccinated against influenza in the last 3 years: 8.2% were vaccinated several times during this period, and 8.8% were vaccinated once. There were several socio-demographic differences (p < 0.05) in the influenza vaccination uptake. Among working-age adults, male gender (OR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.55–2.15, p < 0.001), age 18–24 years (OR: 2.63, 95% CI: 2.05–3.39; p < 0.001), living in cities over 100,000 residents (p < 0.05), having a part-time job (OR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.08–1.73; p < 0.01), very good household financial situation (OR: 1.64; 95% CI: 1.19–2.24; p < 0.01), frequent infections throughout the year (p < 0.05), having chronic diseases (p < 0.05), taking dietary supplements regularly (OR: 1.66; 95% CI: 1.36–2.03; p < 0.001) and personal beliefs on doctors’ competencies (p < 0.05) were significantly associated with getting vaccinated against influenza in the last 3 years. Conclusions: This study revealed very low influenza vaccination coverage rates in working-age adults in Poland. Public health interventions are needed to address gaps in influenza vaccination uptake among working-age adults. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Vaccination on Public Health and Epidemiology)
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15 pages, 1789 KB  
Systematic Review
Efficacy, Immunogenicity, and Safety of Pertussis Vaccine During Pregnancy: A Meta-Analysis
by Qianqian Shi, Jun Li, Quanman Hu, Cheng Cheng, Kun Yang, Xiaoyu Li, Xiaoru Song, Shuaiyin Chen and Guangcai Duan
Vaccines 2025, 13(7), 666; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13070666 - 20 Jun 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 4436
Abstract
Background: A growing number of countries implement prenatal pertussis vaccination policies to safeguard unvaccinated infants. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety of antenatal Tdap vaccination in pregnant individuals. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science from [...] Read more.
Background: A growing number of countries implement prenatal pertussis vaccination policies to safeguard unvaccinated infants. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety of antenatal Tdap vaccination in pregnant individuals. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science from their inception to 16 February 2025, rigorously screening studies and including seven randomized controlled trials and 10 case-control studies published between 2014 and 2024. For the test-negative design meta-analysis, odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals served as effect estimates, and vaccine efficacy was calculated accordingly. Standardized mean differences were used to assess geometric mean concentrations, while relative risks evaluated safety. Results: Maternal vaccination during pregnancy demonstrated 85% vaccine effectiveness (95% CI: 78–89%) in protecting infants under 3 months old. Pooled standardized mean differences for cord blood IgG antibodies against pertussis toxin, pertactin, and filamentous hemagglutinin were 1.57 (95% CI: 1.25–1.89), 2.15 (95% CI: 1.82–2.48), and 2.25 (95% CI: 1.81–2.68), respectively, indicating higher antibody levels in infants of vaccinated women before their first immunization. Safety analysis showed no significant association between Tdap vaccination during pregnancy and serious adverse events in infants (RR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.46–1.24) and pregnant women (RR = 1.22, 95% CI: 0.83–1.81). Conclusion: Our findings support the implementation of pertussis vaccination during pregnancy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Vaccination on Public Health and Epidemiology)
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