Aspects of the Ecology and Biology of Malaria Vectors with Implications for Disease Prevention and Control

A special issue of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease (ISSN 2414-6366). This special issue belongs to the section "Vector-Borne Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 June 2024) | Viewed by 7953

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Grupo de Microbiología Molecular, Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Interests: vector biology and ecology; malaria; microbiology; molecular biology

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Guest Editor
1. Wits Research Institute for Malaria, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2001, South Africa
2. Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2131, South Africa
Interests: entomology; malaria vector control; vector biology and mechanisms of insecticide resistance

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Guest Editor
Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, Albany, NY 12201, USA
Interests: vector biology; population genetics; mosquito ecology; phylogenetics; vector-borne diseases; landscape genetics
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Malaria remains a major global public health issue, primarily in tropical and subtropical regions where climate conditions are appropriate for the development of the malaria parasite and its mosquito vector. To combat malaria, vector control is one of the main strategies used to reduce disease transmission, but this effort is threatened by factors such as increasing vector insecticide resistance. Therefore, there is a need for studies to expand knowledge of vectors, with the aim of implementing novel and effective methods to improve vector control interventions and reduce malaria incidence.

This Special Issue is aimed at the scientific community interested in malaria vectors with the purpose of bringing together knowledge from a range of vector-related areas to enhance the search for effective vector control interventions.

The scope of this Special Issue includes, but is not limited to, aspects of systematics and taxonomy, phylogenetics, biogeography, vector behaviour and ecology, host–parasite relationships, molecular biology, immunity, the mosquito microbiota, developing resources and technology in vector genomics, interventions and control.

Prof. Dr. Margarita María Correa
Prof. Dr. Lizette Koekemoer
Prof. Dr. Jan E. Conn
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • systematics
  • phylogenetics
  • biogeography
  • vector behaviour
  • vector ecology
  • vector–parasite relationships
  • molecular biology
  • immunity
  • mosquito microbiota
  • genomics
  • interventions and control

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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15 pages, 918 KiB  
Article
Community Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices About Malaria: Insights from a Northwestern Colombian Endemic Locality
by Paola Muñoz-Laiton, Juan C. Hernández-Valencia and Margarita M. Correa
Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2024, 9(11), 281; https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed9110281 - 18 Nov 2024
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Abstract
Malaria prevention and control programs are mainly oriented to vector control, timely diagnosis and adequate treatment. Malaria transmission is influenced by several factors, including biological and social aspects. Thus, it is relevant to consider community beliefs and practices to ensure sustainable prevention and [...] Read more.
Malaria prevention and control programs are mainly oriented to vector control, timely diagnosis and adequate treatment. Malaria transmission is influenced by several factors, including biological and social aspects. Thus, it is relevant to consider community beliefs and practices to ensure sustainable prevention and control strategies. This study aimed to determine knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) towards malaria in an endemic locality in northwestern Colombia. Preliminary data were collected through a focus group discussion. Subsequently, a KAP survey was administered to the community. KAP scores were associated with both sociodemographic characteristics and with previous malaria infection. Focus group data revealed knowledge gaps and the absence of or having worn-out nets. Survey results showed that participants recognized a mosquito bite as the transmission mode (72.09%), followed by dirty water (44.19%), high fever (86.05%) and headache (79.07%) as the main symptoms. Regarding attitudes, 44.19% of the people would go to the hospital in the case of having symptoms. The most recognized practices for disease prevention were the use of mosquito nets (65.12%) and fans (23.26%). The results showed that some people had misconceptions about the disease transmission mode. The analysis showed significant associations of either female gender and homemaker occupation with a good knowledge [OR = 3.74, (p = 0.04), OR = 3.55, (p = 0.04), respectively] or female with a positive attitude towards malaria control and prevention [OR = 4.80, (p = 0.04)]. These results showed that the identified gaps in KAP require increasing education among the community in addition to applying public health prevention efforts. The data may be useful in designing malaria control strategies that involve community participation. Full article
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26 pages, 3108 KiB  
Systematic Review
A Systematic Review on the Viruses of Anopheles Mosquitoes: The Potential Importance for Public Health
by Juan C. Hernandez-Valencia, Paola Muñoz-Laiton, Giovan F. Gómez and Margarita M. Correa
Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2023, 8(10), 459; https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8100459 - 26 Sep 2023
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 5152
Abstract
Anopheles mosquitoes are the vectors of Plasmodium, the etiological agent of malaria. In addition, Anopheles funestus and Anopheles gambiae are the main vectors of the O’nyong-nyong virus. However, research on the viruses carried by Anopheles is scarce; thus, the possible transmission of [...] Read more.
Anopheles mosquitoes are the vectors of Plasmodium, the etiological agent of malaria. In addition, Anopheles funestus and Anopheles gambiae are the main vectors of the O’nyong-nyong virus. However, research on the viruses carried by Anopheles is scarce; thus, the possible transmission of viruses by Anopheles is still unexplored. This systematic review was carried out to identify studies that report viruses in natural populations of Anopheles or virus infection and transmission in laboratory-reared mosquitoes. The databases reviewed were EBSCO-Host, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus and PubMed. After the identification and screening of candidate articles, a total of 203 original studies were included that reported on a variety of viruses detected in Anopheles natural populations. In total, 161 viruses in 54 species from 41 countries worldwide were registered. In laboratory studies, 28 viruses in 15 Anopheles species were evaluated for mosquito viral transmission capacity or viral infection. The viruses reported in Anopheles encompassed 25 viral families and included arboviruses, probable arboviruses and Insect-Specific Viruses (ISVs). Insights after performing this review include the need for (1) a better understanding of Anopheles-viral interactions, (2) characterizing the Anopheles virome—considering the public health importance of the viruses potentially transmitted by Anopheles and the significance of finding viruses with biological control activity—and (3) performing virological surveillance in natural populations of Anopheles, especially in the current context of environmental modifications that may potentiate the expansion of the Anopheles species distribution. Full article
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