Textiles

Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review, Other

3 pages, 209 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

New Research Trends for Textiles

by Laurent Dufossé

Textiles 2022, 2(4), 579-581; https://doi.org/10.3390/textiles2040033 - 16 Nov 2022

Viewed by 1538

Abstract

The Textiles journal is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal, officially launched in 2020 [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Research Trends for Textiles)

Research

Jump to: Editorial, Review, Other

13 pages, 2459 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Photochromic Textiles Based upon Aqueous Blends of Oxygen-Deficient WO_3-x and TiO₂ Nanocrystals

by Roberto Giannuzzi, Vitantonio Primiceri, Riccardo Scarfiello, Marco Pugliese, Fabrizio Mariano, Antonio Maggiore, Carmela Tania Prontera, Sonia Carallo, Cristian De Vito, Luigi Carbone and Vincenzo Maiorano

Textiles 2022, 2(3), 382-394; https://doi.org/10.3390/textiles2030021 - 1 Jul 2022

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3677

Abstract

With the main objective being to develop photochromic smart textiles, in this paper, we studied the photochromic behavior of WO_3-x nanocrystals (NCs) cooperatively interacting with variable amounts of TiO₂ NCs. We tested several blends of WO_3-x:TiO₂ NCs, admixed [...] Read more.

With the main objective being to develop photochromic smart textiles, in this paper, we studied the photochromic behavior of WO_3-x nanocrystals (NCs) cooperatively interacting with variable amounts of TiO₂ NCs. We tested several blends of WO_3-x:TiO₂ NCs, admixed in different compositions (relative molar ratio of 4:0, 3:1, 2:2, 1:3, 0:4) and electrostatically interfacing because of opposite values of Z-potential, for photo-induced chromogenic textiles. We further monitored the photochromic sensitivity of NC-impregnated textiles after exposure to a few solvents (i.e., methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol) or when over-coated with different polymeric matrices such as natural cellulose or ionic conductive Nafion. The optimization of the compositions of the WO_3-x:TiO₂ blends embedded in polymeric matrices, allowed the nanostructured photochromic textiles to show rapid and tunable coloration (<5 min) and bleaching kinetics (~5 in at 75 °C or 6 h at room temperature) along with good recovery and cycling stability. This study features a simple strategy for the widespread application of WO_3-x:TiO₂-based photochromic smart textiles. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Research Trends for Textiles)

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

21 pages, 19903 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Loop Order Analysis of Weft-Knitted Textiles

by Levi Kapllani, Chelsea Amanatides, Genevieve Dion and David E. Breen

Textiles 2022, 2(2), 275-295; https://doi.org/10.3390/textiles2020015 - 18 May 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3754

Abstract

In this paper, we describe algorithms that perform loop order analysis of weft-knitted textiles, which build upon the foundational TopoKnit topological data structure and associated query functions. During knitting, loops of yarn may be overlayed on top of each other and then stitched [...] Read more.

In this paper, we describe algorithms that perform loop order analysis of weft-knitted textiles, which build upon the foundational TopoKnit topological data structure and associated query functions. During knitting, loops of yarn may be overlayed on top of each other and then stitched together with another piece of yarn. Loop order analysis aims to determine the front-to-back ordering of these overlapping loops, given a stitch pattern that defines the knitted fabric. Loop order information is crucial for the simulation of electrical current, water, force, and heat flow within functional fabrics. The new algorithms are based on the assumption that stitch instructions are executed row-by-row and for each row the instructions can be executed in any temporal order. To make our algorithms knitting-machine-independent, loop order analysis utilizes precedence rules that capture the order that stitch commands are executed when a row of yarn loops are being knitted by a two-bed flat weft knitting machine. Basing the algorithms on precedence rules allows them to be modified to adapt to the analysis of fabrics manufactured on a variety of knitting machines that may execute stitch commands in different temporal orders. Additionally, we have developed visualization methods for displaying the loop order information within the context of a TopoKnit yarn topology graph. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Research Trends for Textiles)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

10 pages, 3995 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

50/60 Hz Power Grid Noise as a Skin Contact Measure of Textile ECG Electrodes

by Khorolsuren Tuvshinbayar, Guido Ehrmann and Andrea Ehrmann

Textiles 2022, 2(2), 265-274; https://doi.org/10.3390/textiles2020014 - 1 May 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3760

Abstract

The electrocardiogram (ECG) is one of the most commonly measured biosignals. In particular, textile electrodes allow for the measuring of long-term ECG without skin irritation or other discomforts for the patient. Such textile electrodes, however, usually suffer from insufficient or unreliable skin contact. [...] Read more.

The electrocardiogram (ECG) is one of the most commonly measured biosignals. In particular, textile electrodes allow for the measuring of long-term ECG without skin irritation or other discomforts for the patient. Such textile electrodes, however, usually suffer from insufficient or unreliable skin contact. Thus, developing textile electrodes is impeded by the often-complicated differentiation between signal artifacts due to moving and breathing and artifacts related to unreliable skin contact. Here, we suggest a simple method of using 50/60 Hz power grid noise to evaluate the skin contact of different textile electrodes in comparison with commercial glued electrodes. We use this method to show the drying of wetted skin under an embroidered electrode as well as sweating of the originally dry skin under a coated electrode with high water vapor resistance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Research Trends for Textiles)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 3994 KiB

Open AccessArticle

New Geometrical Modelling for 2D Fabric and 2.5D Interlock Composites

by Mohamad Abbas Kaddaha, Rafic Younes and Pascal Lafon

Textiles 2022, 2(1), 142-161; https://doi.org/10.3390/textiles2010008 - 7 Mar 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 4020

Abstract

A new geometrical modeling tool has been developed to predict the elastic stiffness properties of 2D orthogonal and 2.5D woven interlock composites. The model estimates the change in performance due to changes in the ordering weaving parameters of the 2.5D weave architecture. Analysis [...] Read more.

A new geometrical modeling tool has been developed to predict the elastic stiffness properties of 2D orthogonal and 2.5D woven interlock composites. The model estimates the change in performance due to changes in the ordering weaving parameters of the 2.5D weave architecture. Analysis results were validated compared to other models developed in published articles and the literature. Numerical analysis was performed to evaluate the accuracy of the results from the proposed models. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the models presented by comparisons with experimental results, showing that the model could replicate the mechanical behaviors of 2D fabric and 2.5D interlock composite laminates for predicting 2D textile structures and 2.5D interlock composites with different types, shapes, and conditions. The model presented in this paper is able to replicate the behavior of woven composites of fiber reinforced with various types. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Research Trends for Textiles)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 5281 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Meso-Macro Simulations of the Forming of 3D Non-Crimp Woven Fabrics

by Jie Wang, Peng Wang, Nahiene Hamila and Philippe Boisse

Textiles 2022, 2(1), 112-123; https://doi.org/10.3390/textiles2010006 - 11 Feb 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3017

Abstract

The RTM (Resin Transfer Molding) manufacturing process is largely used for the fabrication of textile composites. During the forming phase, the deformations of composite reinforcements at the mesoscopic scale, such as the positions, orientations, and changes in the sections of deformed yarns, are [...] Read more.

The RTM (Resin Transfer Molding) manufacturing process is largely used for the fabrication of textile composites. During the forming phase, the deformations of composite reinforcements at the mesoscopic scale, such as the positions, orientations, and changes in the sections of deformed yarns, are essential to calculate the permeability of the reinforcement in the injection phase and evaluate the mechanical behaviors of the final products. However, the mesoscopic models of the forming simulation lead to a high computational cost due to the numerous yarns and their complex contacts, especially for thick reinforcements. In this paper, a macro-meso method for predicting the mesoscopic deformations of composite reinforcements with a reasonable calculation time is presented in this paper. The proposed multi-scale method allows for the linkage of the macroscopic simulation of reinforcements with the mesoscopic modelling of an RVE (Representative Volume Element) through a macro-meso embedded approach. Based on macroscopic simulations using a 3D hyperelastic constitutive law, an embedded mesoscopic geometry is first deduced. The macro-meso embedded solution can lead to excessive extensions of yarns. To overcome this inconvenience, a local mesoscopic simulation based on the macro-meso embedded analysis is carried out on a single RVE. Finally, the multi-scale forming simulations are investigated in comparison with the experimental results, illustrating the efficiency of the proposed method. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Research Trends for Textiles)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 2385 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Characterizing Steam Penetration through Thermal Protective Fabric Materials

by Sumit Mandal and Guowen Song

Textiles 2022, 2(1), 16-28; https://doi.org/10.3390/textiles2010002 - 3 Jan 2022

Viewed by 4312

Abstract

This study performs an analysis of steam penetration through thermal protective fabric materials. Different, multilayered thermal protective fabrics were selected and tested in a laboratory-simulated steam exposure, and their steam protective performance (SPP) was measured in terms of the time required to generate [...] Read more.

This study performs an analysis of steam penetration through thermal protective fabric materials. Different, multilayered thermal protective fabrics were selected and tested in a laboratory-simulated steam exposure, and their steam protective performance (SPP) was measured in terms of the time required to generate second-degree burns on the bodies of wearers. Additionally, the total transmitted thermal energy (TTTE) through the fabrics during testing was measured. Through statistical analysis, it was established that fabric properties, namely air permeability and thickness, are the key factors that affect the SPP and TTTE; the relationship among the fabric properties, SPP, and TTTE is also summarized. Theoretically, it has been found that heat and mass (steam) transfer occur through fabrics in the course of steam exposure, which mainly affect the SPP and TTTE. This study could help textile/materials engineers to develop high performance thermal protective fabrics for the increased occupational health and safety of firefighters and industrial workers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Research Trends for Textiles)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 3837 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Comparison of Two Different Light Booths for Measuring Color Difference of Metameric Pairs

by Azmary Akter Mukthy, Michal Vik and Martina Viková

Textiles 2021, 1(3), 558-570; https://doi.org/10.3390/textiles1030030 - 2 Dec 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3613

Abstract

A standardized source of light is essential for visual color assessments, which is why lighting booths were developed. For the best results in visual assessment, it is important to consider the right choice of light source, the right viewing conditions, and the variability [...] Read more.

A standardized source of light is essential for visual color assessments, which is why lighting booths were developed. For the best results in visual assessment, it is important to consider the right choice of light source, the right viewing conditions, and the variability of the viewer. To date, many light booth technologies have been introduced to meet user demands. Since most of the light sources on the market are characterized by the designer or manufacturer, the resulting variations from booth-to-booth remain. In this study, we compared the performance of two standard light booths to assess the color difference of eleven metameric pairs. In this study, we checked an earlier technology-based light booth that is still used in the textile industry and contains illuminant A (Tungsten lamp) with CCT 2700 K, TL84 (tri-band fluorescent tube) with CCT 4000 K, and simulator D65 (CCT 6500 K) with a different light booth whose original light sources have been replaced by currently available LED retro kits from equivalent CCTs. As an inexperienced customer or industrial user, our question was, how important is this replacement? The results revealed that two different standard lighting technologies with similar CCTs cannot reproduce the same estimates because the light sources produced different SPDs. It is illustrating that caution is necessary when comparing results obtained from two different light booths containing light sources with similar CCTs but different SPDs. This comparative study suggested that the variability of the light sources’ SPDs or the observer or the sample should be modeled considering light booth’s technology to estimate its contribution to the overall variability. The close relationship between perceived and CAM02-UCS suggests that if both booths are used after the light sources have been calibrated, a formula based on color appearance models must be used to predict color appearance. To obtain better agreement between perceived and calculated color difference, one must need to avoid light booths with nominally white light sources. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Research Trends for Textiles)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 21716 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Stretchable Textile Yarn Based on UHF RFID Helical Tag

by Sofia Benouakta, Florin Doru Hutu and Yvan Duroc

Textiles 2021, 1(3), 547-557; https://doi.org/10.3390/textiles1030029 - 22 Nov 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3919

Abstract

In the context of wearable technology, several techniques have been used for the fabrication of radio frequency identification (RFID) tags such as 3D printing, inkjet printing, and even embroidery. In contrast to these methods where the tag is attached to the object by [...] Read more.

In the context of wearable technology, several techniques have been used for the fabrication of radio frequency identification (RFID) tags such as 3D printing, inkjet printing, and even embroidery. In contrast to these methods where the tag is attached to the object by using sewing or simple sticking, the E-Thread^® technology is a novel assembling method allowing for the integration of the RFID tag into a textile yarn and thus makes it embeddable into the object at the fabrication stage. The current E-Thread^® yarn uses a RFID tag in which the antenna is a straight half-wave dipole that makes the solution vulnerable to mechanical strains (i.e., elongation). In this paper, we propose an alternative to the current RFID yarn solution with the use of an antenna having a helical geometry that answers to the mechanical issues and keeps quite similar electrical and radiative properties with respect to the present solution. The RFID helical tag was designed and simulated taking into consideration the constraints of the manufacturing process. The helical RFID tag was then fabricated using the E-Thread^® technology and experimental characterization showed that the obtained structure exhibited good performance with

10.6 m

of read range in the ultra high frequency (UHF) RFID band and

10 %

of tolerance in terms of elongation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Research Trends for Textiles)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

21 pages, 5903 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Development of a Consumer-Based Quality Scale for Artisan Textiles: A Study with Scarves/Shawls

by Denis Richard Seninde, Edgar Chambers IV, Delores H. Chambers and Edgar Chambers V

Textiles 2021, 1(3), 483-503; https://doi.org/10.3390/textiles1030025 - 27 Oct 2021

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 4874

Abstract

Modern textile consumers are increasingly becoming more watchful of the quality of the textiles that they purchase. This has increased the need for textile producers, especially artisan textile makers (e.g., knitters, tailors, dressmakers, seamstresses, and quilters), to improve the quality of their textile [...] Read more.

Modern textile consumers are increasingly becoming more watchful of the quality of the textiles that they purchase. This has increased the need for textile producers, especially artisan textile makers (e.g., knitters, tailors, dressmakers, seamstresses, and quilters), to improve the quality of their textile products. Information on several analytical tools that are commonly used for assessing the quality of textiles is abundant, but consumer-based tools for evaluating the quality of textiles remain limited. A consumer-based artisan textile-quality scale was developed using data collected from two focus groups (Phase 1) and a consumer quantitative study, n = 196 (Phase 2). Ten scarves and shawls were evaluated in the quantitative study and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the differences between the mean textile ratings for all the statements. Coefficient alpha (final raw alpha = 0.87) was also used to assess if the statements were consistent in the way they measured the quality of the textiles. Pearson correlation tests were used to validate the six-statement quality scale that included statements such as overall attention to detail, the fabric is durable, and stitching is even and consistent. Artisan textile makers in the USA can use this scale to better meet the functional needs of their customers. Additionally, the process that was employed in the development of the six-statement quality scale can be used by researchers in other countries to understand better the key quality characteristics of artisan as well other textile products. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Research Trends for Textiles)

18 pages, 6414 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Textile Characteristics on the AR-Glass Fabric Efficiency

by Marco Carlo Rampini, Giulio Zani, Louis Schouler, Matteo Colombo and Marco di Prisco

Textiles 2021, 1(2), 387-404; https://doi.org/10.3390/textiles1020020 - 14 Sep 2021

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3315

Abstract

Alkali-resistant (AR) glass textiles are used as the main reinforcement in several composite applications due to their good performance-to-cost ratio. A huge variety of textiles are already present in the market; they differ on various parameters, such as, for example, the filaments’ diameters, [...] Read more.

Alkali-resistant (AR) glass textiles are used as the main reinforcement in several composite applications due to their good performance-to-cost ratio. A huge variety of textiles are already present in the market; they differ on various parameters, such as, for example, the filaments’ diameters, the geometry, the type of weaving, or the nature of the impregnation coating. To orient manufacturers towards the production of efficient textiles, the most important aspect is the balance between cost and performance. In this paper, a series of different fabrics designed for textile-reinforced cementitious composites were considered. Performance was assessed by means of uniaxial tensile tests and the results are presented in terms of load vs. displacement. Then, the selected AR-glass textiles were compared in terms of fabric efficiency, targeting the effect of each parameter on the textile capacity. The research here presented is part of a comprehensive campaign aimed at the optimization of glass-fabric-reinforced cementitious composites for structural retrofitting. To better discuss the different solutions tested, at the end, only considering a small number of the investigated textiles, an efficiency evaluation was carried out at the cementitious composite level. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Research Trends for Textiles)

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

11 pages, 832 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Organic Cotton Clothing Purchase Behavior: A Comparative Study of Consumers in the United States and Bangladesh

by Md Nakib Ul Hasan, Chuanlan Liu and Bulbul Ahmed

Textiles 2021, 1(2), 376-386; https://doi.org/10.3390/textiles1020019 - 13 Sep 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 6749

Abstract

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the differences and similarities of organic cotton clothing (OCC) purchase behaviors of the consumers who lie at the top and the bottom of the apparel supply chain. The influences of consumers’ sustainability knowledge and social [...] Read more.

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the differences and similarities of organic cotton clothing (OCC) purchase behaviors of the consumers who lie at the top and the bottom of the apparel supply chain. The influences of consumers’ sustainability knowledge and social norms on consumers’ attitudes and purchase intentions were examined to understand within the framework of the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA). Sample data were collected from the United States and Bangladesh and, finally, 136 useable responses were used for the data analysis. Among the useable responses, 85 samples were from the US (containing 91.76% female participants and 4.71% male participants) and 51 responses were from the Bangladesh sample (containing 7.84% female participants and 88.24% male participants). A structural equation model was conducted to test the proposed hypotheses. Findings showed that for US consumers, sustainability knowledge was a powerful predictor of positive attitudes towards OCC, while for Bangladeshi consumers, it was not. In the context of social norms, Bangladeshi consumers demonstrated a strong positive attitudes formation whereas American consumers were found to display less strong relationships. OCC marketers and retailers should concentrate on educating consumers about the real benefits of organic cotton consumption by disseminating proper information about organic cotton fiber and its processing. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Research Trends for Textiles)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Review

Jump to: Editorial, Research, Other

33 pages, 3346 KiB

Open AccessReview

Fibers and Textiles for Personal Protective Equipment: Review of Recent Progress and Perspectives on Future Developments

by Patricia I. Dolez, Sabrina Marsha and Rachel H. McQueen

Textiles 2022, 2(2), 349-381; https://doi.org/10.3390/textiles2020020 - 13 Jun 2022

Cited by 31 | Viewed by 15286

Abstract

This article reviews recent developments in fibers and textiles for Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) applications. Fibers are grouped into six categories: highly extensible elastomeric fibers, cellulose-based fibers, commodity synthetic fibers, high strength inorganic materials, and high performance polymer fibers. New developments with highly [...] Read more.

This article reviews recent developments in fibers and textiles for Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) applications. Fibers are grouped into six categories: highly extensible elastomeric fibers, cellulose-based fibers, commodity synthetic fibers, high strength inorganic materials, and high performance polymer fibers. New developments with highly extensible elastomeric fibers include polyester-based elastic fibers and shape memory polyurethane. In the case of cellulose-based fibers, environmentally friendly processes and nanotechnology-enabling treatments are developed for natural fibers where attempts are made to transfer interesting attributes of the feedstock to regenerated cellulose fibers. Commodity synthetic fibers comprise polyolefins, polyester, and polyamide; they have seen recent developments in terms of surface functionalization and the formation of structures at the nanoscale. In terms of high strength inorganic materials, basalt fibers and carbonaceous materials have found increased use in PPE. Boron is also generating considerable interest for fibers and coatings. Research on high-performance polymer fibers includes further improving their short- and long-term performance, moving to the nanoscale for new functionalities, and exploring their recyclability. An additional section describes a series of special textile structures relevant to PPE involving 3D textile structures, auxetic textile structures, shear thickening fabrics, nanoporous structures, phase change materials, and some specially designed textile-based composite structures for improved protection against mechanical hazards. The article ends with some perspectives on promising avenues for further developments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Research Trends for Textiles)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 1192 KiB

Open AccessReview

Textile-Based Sound Sensors (TSS): New Opportunities for Sound Monitoring in Smart Buildings

by Andrea Giglio, Karsten Neuwerk, Michael Haupt, Giovanni Maria Conti and Ingrid Paoletti

Textiles 2022, 2(2), 296-306; https://doi.org/10.3390/textiles2020016 - 19 May 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3261

Abstract

Persistent poor acoustic conditions can imbalance humans’ psychophysical capabilities. A good acoustic project starts with either correct measurements of the existing acoustic parameters or with the correct hypothesis of new sound conditions. International standards define invasive measurement conditions and procedures that can disturb [...] Read more.

Persistent poor acoustic conditions can imbalance humans’ psychophysical capabilities. A good acoustic project starts with either correct measurements of the existing acoustic parameters or with the correct hypothesis of new sound conditions. International standards define invasive measurement conditions and procedures that can disturb user activities. For this reason, alternative methodologies have been developed by mounting real-time sound-monitoring devices. Most of the research on these aims to decrease their dimensions in order to be placed in the tight service spaces of modern architecture and to reduce their aesthetic impact on interiors design. In this perspective, this article explores the features and potentialities of textile-based sound sensors (TSS) as they can not only fulfill these needs but can also be used as architectural ornaments by partially wrapping interiors. The ubiquitous of e-textiles for wearable applications has led to increasing the performance of TSS. Therefore, a comparison of the sensitivity values, signal-to-noise ratio and noise floor of sound TSS with sound sensors is presented, which is still missing in the literature. The paper demonstrates how these can be exploited for sound monitoring and can provide valid opportunities for new smart acoustic textiles. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Research Trends for Textiles)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

43 pages, 21663 KiB

Open AccessReview

High-Performance and Functional Fiber Materials—A Review of Properties, Scanning Electron Microscopy SEM and Electron Dispersive Spectroscopy EDS

by Boris Mahltig and Thomas Grethe

Textiles 2022, 2(2), 209-251; https://doi.org/10.3390/textiles2020012 - 15 Apr 2022

Cited by 19 | Viewed by 19822

Abstract

This review supports an overview of selected high-performance fibers and functional fiber materials. A review of several properties and applications is given. For fiber materials and fabrics, microscopic images taken by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are presented. As well as this, electron dispersive [...] Read more.

This review supports an overview of selected high-performance fibers and functional fiber materials. A review of several properties and applications is given. For fiber materials and fabrics, microscopic images taken by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are presented. As well as this, electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) is performed on the fiber materials and an overview of EDS spectra is presented. The features of SEM images and EDS spectra are discussed, especially with the aim of supporting people who are working in the field of fiber analytics. To support a complete view of both analytic methods—SEM and EDS—challenges and typical mistakes for SEM measurements on textiles are also described. Altogether, this review supports a useful overview of interesting high technology fiber materials and their investigation using the analytical methods SEM and EDS. Using these, material properties and their composition are presented and discussed. The composition of industrial fiber materials is investigated and discussed, as well as fiber treatments for the realization of functional fiber properties. Furthermore, it aims to support a helpful tool for fiber and textile analytics and identification. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Research Trends for Textiles)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 1023 KiB

Open AccessReview

Geotextiles—A Versatile Tool for Environmental Sensitive Applications in Geotechnical Engineering

by Fulga Tanasă, Mărioara Nechifor, Mauruşa-Elena Ignat and Carmen-Alice Teacă

Textiles 2022, 2(2), 189-208; https://doi.org/10.3390/textiles2020011 - 8 Apr 2022

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 18834

Abstract

Geotextiles, a group of high-performance materials, have grown during the last decades into needful auxiliaries when it comes to infrastructure, soil, construction, agriculture and environmental applications. Although geotextiles made of synthetic fibers (geosynthetics) are considered a modern achievement, the basic concept dates back [...] Read more.

Geotextiles, a group of high-performance materials, have grown during the last decades into needful auxiliaries when it comes to infrastructure, soil, construction, agriculture and environmental applications. Although geotextiles made of synthetic fibers (geosynthetics) are considered a modern achievement, the basic concept dates back to ancient times when textiles consisting of locally available natural fibers were employed to increase the stability of roads and soils. In recent decades, considering the growing interest in environmental protection and sustainable development based on using renewable resources and the recovery and recycling of waste of various origins, the use of natural fibers-based geotextiles is a viable alternative, despite their limited-life service owing to their biodegradability. In addition to this feature, their low cost, good mechanical properties and large-scale accessibility recommend them for geo-engineering applications, environmental sensitive applications in geotechnical engineering, such as land improvements and soil erosion control. This paper focuses on geotextiles as a versatile tool in environmental applications given their high theoretic and practical relevance as substantiated by recent literature reports. Natural and synthetic geotextiles are presented herein, as well as their features that recommend them for geo-engineering. Insights on the main types of applications of geotextiles are also included, along with a wide variety of materials employed to perform specific functions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Research Trends for Textiles)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 2672 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceReview

A Review on Textile Recycling Practices and Challenges

by Jeanger P. Juanga-Labayen, Ildefonso V. Labayen and Qiuyan Yuan

Textiles 2022, 2(1), 174-188; https://doi.org/10.3390/textiles2010010 - 16 Mar 2022

Cited by 130 | Viewed by 52387

Abstract

The expansion of clothing and textile industry and the fast fashion trend among consumers have caused a rapid global increase in textile waste in the municipal solid waste (MSW) stream. Worldwide, 75% of textile waste is landfilled, while 25% is recycled or reused. [...] Read more.

The expansion of clothing and textile industry and the fast fashion trend among consumers have caused a rapid global increase in textile waste in the municipal solid waste (MSW) stream. Worldwide, 75% of textile waste is landfilled, while 25% is recycled or reused. Landfilling of textile waste is a prevalent option that is deemed unsustainable. Promoting an enhanced diversion of textile waste from landfills demands optimized reuse and recycling technologies. Reuse is the more preferred option compared with recycling. Various textile reuse and recycling technologies are available and progressively innovated to favor blended fabrics. This paper aims to establish reuse and recycling technologies (anaerobic digestion, fermentation, composting, fiber regeneration, and thermal recovery) to manage textile waste. Improved collection systems, automation of sorting, and discovering new technologies for textile recycling remains a challenge. Applying extended producer responsibility (EPR) policy and a circular economy system implies a holistic consensus among major stakeholders. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Research Trends for Textiles)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 38620 KiB

Open AccessReview

Continuous Yarn Electrospinning

by Shakir Zainuddin and Thomas Scheibel

Textiles 2022, 2(1), 124-141; https://doi.org/10.3390/textiles2010007 - 23 Feb 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 4943

Abstract

Nanofiber-based nonwoven mats produced in electrospinning setups are usually very fragile, which often limits their applicability. Yarns have the potential to enable the incorporation of nanofibers into other materials using well-established techniques such as sewing, knitting, weaving and embroidering, thus broadening the application [...] Read more.

Nanofiber-based nonwoven mats produced in electrospinning setups are usually very fragile, which often limits their applicability. Yarns have the potential to enable the incorporation of nanofibers into other materials using well-established techniques such as sewing, knitting, weaving and embroidering, thus broadening the application of nanofibers. Here, we review the development of continuous yarn electrospinning processes. Amongst several possible approaches, funnel-based collector systems have been widely adopted. Here, we summarize recent developments in the field and highlight studies providing visions on how to expand that field of research in future studies of continuous yarn electrospinning. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Research Trends for Textiles)

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

31 pages, 7539 KiB

Open AccessReview

Review of Fiber- or Yarn-Based Wearable Resistive Strain Sensors: Structural Design, Fabrication Technologies and Applications

by Fei Huang, Jiyong Hu and Xiong Yan

Textiles 2022, 2(1), 81-111; https://doi.org/10.3390/textiles2010005 - 8 Feb 2022

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 5433

Abstract

Flexible textile strain sensors that can be directly integrated into clothing have attracted much attention due to their great potential in wearable human health monitoring systems and human–computer interactions. Fiber- or yarn-based strain sensors are promising candidate materials for flexible and wearable electronics [...] Read more.

Flexible textile strain sensors that can be directly integrated into clothing have attracted much attention due to their great potential in wearable human health monitoring systems and human–computer interactions. Fiber- or yarn-based strain sensors are promising candidate materials for flexible and wearable electronics due to their light weights, good stretchability, high intrinsic and structural flexibility, and flexible integrability. This article investigates representative conductive materials, traditional and novel preparation methods and the structural design of fiber- or yarn-based resistive strain sensors as well as the interconnection and encapsulation of sensing fibers or yarns. In addition, this review summarizes the effects of the conductive materials, preparation strategy and structures on the crucial sensing performance. Discussions will be presented regarding the applications of fiber- or yarn-based resistive strain sensors. Finally, this article summarizes the bottleneck of current fiber- or yarn-based resistive strain sensors in terms of conductive materials, fabrication techniques, integration and performance, as well as scientific understanding, and proposes future research directions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Research Trends for Textiles)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

31 pages, 7094 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceReview

Dielectric Properties of Textile Materials: Analytical Approximations and Experimental Measurements—A Review

by Yusuke Yamada

Textiles 2022, 2(1), 50-80; https://doi.org/10.3390/textiles2010004 - 14 Jan 2022

Cited by 26 | Viewed by 21226

Abstract

Deciphering how the dielectric properties of textile materials are orchestrated by their internal components has far-reaching implications. For the development of textile-based electronics, which have gained ever-increasing attention for their uniquely combined features of electronics and traditional fabrics, both performance and form factor [...] Read more.

Deciphering how the dielectric properties of textile materials are orchestrated by their internal components has far-reaching implications. For the development of textile-based electronics, which have gained ever-increasing attention for their uniquely combined features of electronics and traditional fabrics, both performance and form factor are critically dependent on the dielectric properties. The knowledge of the dielectric properties of textile materials is thus crucial in successful design and operation of textile-based electronics. While the dielectric properties of textile materials could be estimated to some extent from the compositional profiles, recent studies have identified various additional factors that have also substantial influence. From the viewpoint of materials characterization, such dependence of the dielectric properties of textile materials have given rise to a new possibility—information on various internal components could be, upon successful correlation, extracted by measuring the dielectric properties. In view of these considerable implications, this invited review paper summarizes various fundamental theories and principles related to the dielectric properties of textile materials. In order to provide an imperative basis for uncovering various factors that intricately influence the dielectric properties of textile materials, the foundations of the dielectrics and polarization mechanisms are first recapitulated, followed by an overview on the concept of homogenization and the dielectric mixture theory. The principal advantages, challenges and opportunities in the analytical approximations of the dielectric properties of textile materials are then discussed based on the findings from the recent literature, and finally a variety of characterization methods suitable for measuring the dielectric properties of textile materials are described. It is among the objectives of this paper to build a practical signpost for scientists and engineers in this rapidly evolving, cross-disciplinary field. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Research Trends for Textiles)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

21 pages, 10214 KiB

Open AccessReview

A Review on Tough Soft Composites at Different Length Scales

by Wei Cui and Ruijie Zhu

Textiles 2021, 1(3), 513-533; https://doi.org/10.3390/textiles1030027 - 17 Nov 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3968

Abstract

Soft composites are widely employed in industrial and biomedical fields, which often serve as load-bearing structural materials by virtue of a special combination of high strength, high toughness, and low flexural stiffness. Understanding the toughening mechanism of such composites is crucial for designing [...] Read more.

Soft composites are widely employed in industrial and biomedical fields, which often serve as load-bearing structural materials by virtue of a special combination of high strength, high toughness, and low flexural stiffness. Understanding the toughening mechanism of such composites is crucial for designing the next-generation soft materials. In this review, we give an overview of recent progress in soft composites, focusing on the design strategy, mechanical properties, toughening mechanisms, and relevant applications. Fundamental design strategies for soft composites that dissipate energy at different length scales are firstly described. By subsequently elucidating the synergistic effects of combining soft and hard phases, we show how a resulting composite can achieve unprecedented mechanical performance by optimizing the energy dissipation. Relevant toughening models are discussed to interpret the superior strength and fracture toughness of such soft composites. We also highlight relevant applications of these soft composites by taking advantage of their special mechanical responses. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Research Trends for Textiles)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 9049 KiB

Open AccessReview

Textile Branch and Main Breakthroughs of the Czech Republic in the Field of Textile Machinery: An Illustrated Review

by Jiří Militký, Dana Křemenáková, Miroslav Václavík, Václav Klička and Stanislav Dídek

Textiles 2021, 1(3), 466-482; https://doi.org/10.3390/textiles1030024 - 19 Oct 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 7368

Abstract

The main aim of this review is to discuss and explain breakthrough solutions and main improvements in the construction of textile machinery originating in Czech Republic and their influence on processing and quality of textile products. Open-end spinning, jet weft insertion and jet [...] Read more.

The main aim of this review is to discuss and explain breakthrough solutions and main improvements in the construction of textile machinery originating in Czech Republic and their influence on processing and quality of textile products. Open-end spinning, jet weft insertion and jet looms, perpendicularly layered nonwovens and needleless electrospinning machines for manufacturing nanofibrous assemblies and corresponding technologies developed in Czech Republic are briefly discussed and pictorially illustrated. This review is also focused on specifying the different factors responsible for the development of technology and products in textile branches. The human and civilization factors influencing textile production and general requirement for advanced textile products are critically discussed. The unique position of the textile industry in society is demonstrated. The future basic needs that influence textile branch development are discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Research Trends for Textiles)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 176285 KiB

Open AccessReview

Recent Efforts in Modeling and Simulation of Textiles

by Julia Orlik, Maxime Krier, David Neusius, Kathrin Pietsch, Olena Sivak and Konrad Steiner

Textiles 2021, 1(2), 322-336; https://doi.org/10.3390/textiles1020016 - 26 Aug 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 6122

Abstract

In many textiles and fiber structures, the behavior of the material is determined by the structural arrangements of the fibers, their thickness and cross-section, as well as their material properties. Textiles are thin plates made of thin long yarns in frictional contact with [...] Read more.

In many textiles and fiber structures, the behavior of the material is determined by the structural arrangements of the fibers, their thickness and cross-section, as well as their material properties. Textiles are thin plates made of thin long yarns in frictional contact with each other that are connected via a rule defined by a looping diagram. The yarns themselves are stretchable or non-stretchable. All these structural parameters of a textile define its macroscopic behavior. Its folding is determined by all these parameters and the kind of the boundary fixation or loading direction. The next influencing characteristic is the value of the loading. The same textile can behave similar to a shell and work just for bending, or behave as a membrane with large tension deformations under different magnitudes of the loading forces. In our research, bounds on the loading and frictional parameters for both types of behavior are found. Additionally, algorithms for the computation of effective textile properties based on the structural information are proposed. Further focus of our research is the nature of folding, induced by pre-strain in yarns and some in-plane restriction of the textile movements, or by the local knitting or weaving pattern and the yarn’s cross-sections. Further investigations concern different applications with spacer fabrics. Structural parameters influencing the macroscopic fabric behavior are investigated and a way for optimization is proposed. An overview of our published mathematical and numerical papers with developed algorithms is given and our numerical tools based on these theoretical results are demonstrated. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Research Trends for Textiles)

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

39 pages, 8348 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceReview

Wearable Actuators: An Overview

by Yu Chen, Yiduo Yang, Mengjiao Li, Erdong Chen, Weilei Mu, Rosie Fisher and Rong Yin

Textiles 2021, 1(2), 283-321; https://doi.org/10.3390/textiles1020015 - 24 Aug 2021

Cited by 44 | Viewed by 12586

Abstract

The booming wearable market and recent advances in material science has led to the rapid development of the various wearable sensors, actuators, and devices that can be worn, embedded in fabric, accessorized, or tattooed directly onto the skin. Wearable actuators, a subcategory of [...] Read more.

The booming wearable market and recent advances in material science has led to the rapid development of the various wearable sensors, actuators, and devices that can be worn, embedded in fabric, accessorized, or tattooed directly onto the skin. Wearable actuators, a subcategory of wearable technology, have attracted enormous interest from researchers in various disciplines and many wearable actuators and devices have been developed in the past few decades to assist and improve people’s everyday lives. In this paper, we review the actuation mechanisms, structures, applications, and limitations of recently developed wearable actuators including pneumatic and hydraulic actuators, shape memory alloys and polymers, thermal and hygroscopic materials, dielectric elastomers, ionic and conducting polymers, piezoelectric actuators, electromagnetic actuators, liquid crystal elastomers, etc. Examples of recent applications such as wearable soft robots, haptic devices, and personal thermal regulation textiles are highlighted. Finally, we point out the current bottleneck and suggest the prospective future research directions for wearable actuators. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Research Trends for Textiles)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Other

Jump to: Editorial, Research, Review

13 pages, 3641 KiB

Open AccessPerspective

Bacterial Secondary Metabolites as Biopigments for Textile Dyeing

by Ana Kramar and Mirjana M. Kostic

Textiles 2022, 2(2), 252-264; https://doi.org/10.3390/textiles2020013 - 19 Apr 2022

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 11851

Abstract

In the past two decades, a growing body of research regarding the utilization of natural bacterial pigments or dyes for textile dyeing has emerged. Bacterial pigments are bacterial secondary metabolites that usually have bright colors and some special properties (e.g., antimicrobial, antioxidative, UV [...] Read more.

In the past two decades, a growing body of research regarding the utilization of natural bacterial pigments or dyes for textile dyeing has emerged. Bacterial pigments are bacterial secondary metabolites that usually have bright colors and some special properties (e.g., antimicrobial, antioxidative, UV protective etc.). In addition to their high production yield, these special properties led scientists to research and develop methods for utilizing bacterial pigments in textile dyeing. This study presents the current state this field of research, with a focus on the dyeing potential of bacterial pigments for different types of textile material. The potential future directions of research in this area are also highlighted. In addition to the durable dyeing of textiles, bacterial pigments with special properties, such as antimicrobial activity, can add multifunctionality to dyed materials, thus increasing the value of the final product. This emerging field of research will also have a great impact on sustainability and the environment, contributing to the decreased usage of synthetic dyes in the textile industry. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Research Trends for Textiles)

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

Journal Menu

Journal Browser

New Research Trends for Textiles

Share This Special Issue

Special Issue Editor

Special Issue Information

Keywords

Benefits of Publishing in a Special Issue

Published Papers (25 papers)

Editorial

Research

Review

Other

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI